Hatun BAL, Oktay YAZİCİOGLU, Dina ERDİLEK

Fotoinitatörlerin Absorbsiyon Spektrumları ve Karşılaştırılmalarının Grafiksel İncelemesi

Işıkla polimerize olan restoratif materyallerin diş hekimliğinde yer edinmesiyle birlikte kullanılan ışık kaynaklarının da önemi artmıştır. Reçine esaslı kompozitler, reçine modifiye cam iyonomer simanlar, kompomerler, fissür örtücüler, geçici dolgu materyalleri ve sayamadığımız birçok restoratif materyalin polimerizasyonu ışık ile sağlanmaktadır. Polimerizasyonun başlaması için bir başlatıcıya ihtiyaç vardır. Bu başlatıcıya fotoinitatör denir ve bu fotoinitatörlerin aktivasyonu için de ışık kaynağı gereklidir. Kullanılan ışık kaynağının fotoinitatörlerin absorbsiyon spekturumuna uygun olması gerekmektedir. Aksi takdirde spektral uyumsuzluk meydana gelecek ve bu uyumsuzluk durumunda yeterli düzeyde aktifleşemeyen fotoinitatörler polimerizasyon sürecini tam olarak gerçekleştiremeyecektir. Bu bağlamda diş hekimlerinin kullandıkları malzemelerin içeriklerine dikkat etmeleri, üreticilerin de malzemelerine dâhil ettikleri başlatıcıları belirtmeleri oldukça önemlidir. Çünkü polimerizasyon eksikliği, yapılan restorasyonun klinik başarısını olumsuz yönde etkiler. Yetersiz polimerizasyon aşınma direncinin düşük olmasına ve restorasyonun zayıf mekaniksel özellikler göstermesine neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca monomer yapının polimer yapıya dönüşümünün tam olarak gerçekleşememesi ile birlikte artık monomer miktarında belirgin bir artışın meydana gelmesi pulpa dokusu üzerinde toksik etkilerin oluşmasına sebep olabilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmamızda polimerizasyon sürecinden ve bu sürecin başlamasını sağlayan fotoinitatörlerden bahsedilecektir. Günümüz dolgu materyalleri içerisinde sıklıkla ihtiva eden başlatıcılardan olan kamforokinon, TPO (2,4,6-Trimethyl benzoyl diphenyl phosphine oxide), PPD (1-fenil-1,2-propandion) ve son zamanlarda yeni çıkan ve bazı ürünlerde bulunan Ivocerin®’in özellikleri anlatılacaktır. Bu fotoinitatörlerin absorbsiyon spektrumları ile tek ve çift pikli LED (light-emitting diode) ışık cihazlarının spektral aralıkları karşılaştırılıp, grafiksel olarak gösterilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Absorbsiyon Spektrumu, Fotoinitatör, Polimerizasyon, Serbest Radikal

Absorption Spectra of Photoinitiators and the Graphical Analysis of Their Comparison

With the use of light-cured restorative materials in dentistry, the importance of light sources has increased. The polymerization of resin-based composites, resin-modified glass ionomer cements, compomers, fissure sealants, temporary filling materials and countless other restorative materials is provided by light. An initiator is needed for polymerization to begin. This initiator is called a photoinitiator and a light source is required for the activation of these photoinitiators. The light source used should be suitable for the absorption spectrum of the photoinitiators. Otherwise, spectral mismatch will occur and photoinitiators that cannot be activated sufficiently in this mismatch will not be able to fully perform the polymerization process. In this context, it is very important for dentists to pay attention to the ingredients of the materials they use, and for manufacturers to specify the initiators they include in their materials as the lack of polymerization negatively affects the clinical success of the restoration. Insufficient polymerization causes poor wear resistance and poor mechanical properties of the restoration. In addition, the inability to fully convert the monomer structure to the polymer structure and the significant increase in the amount of residual monomer may cause toxic effects on the pulp tissue. In this review, we will talk about the polymerization process and the photoinitiators that enable this process to start. The features of Camphoroquinone, TPO (2,4,6-Trimethyl benzoyl diphenyl phosphine oxide), PPD (1-phenyl-1,2-propandione), which is one of the initiators that often contain in today's filling materials, and Ivocerin®, which is recently released and found in some products, will be explained. The absorption spectra of these photoinitiators and the spectral ranges of single and double peak LED (light-emitting diode) light devices will be compared and displayed graphically.

Keywords:

Absorption Spectrum, Photoinitiator, Polymerization, Free Radical,

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