Pb ve Naftalen ile Kirlenmiş Toprakların Sıfır Değerlikli Demir Nanotanecikleri (SDDN) ve Biyolojik Arıtımla İyileştirilmesi

Ağır metal ve organik kirleticilerin bir arada bulunduğu kirlenmiş sahaların arıtımı farklı ve yenilikçi arıtım yaklaşımlarının uygulanmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu iki kirletici grubunun birbirinden farklı özellikleri sorunun çözümünü zorlaştırmaktadır. Son dönemde, sıfır değerlikli demir nanotanecikleri (SDDN) ve biyolojik arıtımın beraber kullanıldığı teknolojiler halojenli organik kirleticilerin giderimi üzerine uygulanmıştır. Ancak bu prosesin ağır metal ve organik kirleticilerin bir arada bulunduğu toprakların arıtımında kullanımı incelenmemiştir. Bu çalışmada SDDN uygulaması, biyolojik arıtımın dışarıdan müdahale olmadan (bioattenuation) ve nütrient ilavesi ile gerçekleştirilmesi (biostimulation) stratejileriyle beraber Pb ve naftalen ile kirletilen topraklara laboratuvar ölçekli reaktörlerde uygulanmıştır. Toprak Pb fraksiyonları ve naftalen konsantrasyonu 90 gün boyunca periyodik analizlerle takip edilmiştir. SDDN uygulaması, Pb‘nin değişebilir ve karbonatlara bağlı fraksiyonlarının toplamda 66,2 % olan oranını, 25,8 – 37,2 % bandına indirerek, metalin hareketliliğini ve biyoelverişliliğini önemli ölçüde düşürmüştür. SDDN uygulaması ayrıca 38,8 – 58,5 % aralığında naftalen giderimi sağlamıştır. SDDN uygulaması nütrient ilavesi ile gerçekleştirildiğinde (biostimulation) anlamlı düzeyde biyolojik naftalen giderimi gerçekleştiği görülmüştür. En yüksek genel naftalen giderim oranı (76,7 %) SDDN uygulaması ile nütrient ilavesinin birlikte uygulanmasıyla elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sıfır değerlikli demir nano tanecikleri, ağır metal, poliaromatik hidrokarbon, toprak, Pb, naftalen

TREATMENT OF Pb – NAPHTHALENE CO – CONTAMINATION IN SOILS BY ZERO VALENT IRON NANOPARTICLES (NZVI) AND BIOREMEDIATION

The co-contamination of soils with heavy metals and organic contaminants is a problem that requires a different and innovative approach to remediate these kinds of sites. The different nature of these two contaminant groups makes the problem complicated. Recently, zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) application has been integrated with bioremediation to be used for the remediation of halogenated organics. However, the use of this process for the remediation of co-contaminated soils has not been investigated. In this study, nZVI application integrated with bioremediation approaches (bioattenuation and biostimulation) was applied to Pb and naphthalene spiked soils in laboratory-scale reactors. Soil Pb fractions and naphthalene concentrations were monitored for 90 days. The nZVI decreased the mobility and bioavailability of Pb significantly by reducing exchangeable and carbonate bound fractions from 66.2 % to 25.8 – 37.2 % range. The nZVI also caused naphthalene degradation in the range of 38.8 – 58.5 %. Significant biodegradation of naphthalene occurred at samples subjected to nZVI and biostimulation. The highest overall naphthalene degradation (76.7 %) was obtained from the nZVI application which was integrated with biostimulation.

Keywords:

Nano zero-valent iron, heavy metal, polyaromatic hydrocarbon, soil, Pb, naphthalene,

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