Viroidler ve Türkiye'de Saptanan Viroid Hastalık Etmenleri

Viroidler dairesel, tek sarmallı RNA molekül yapısında bitki patojenleridir. Hastalık etmeni viroidler, çekirdekte çoğalanlar Pospiviroidae, kloroplasta çoğalanlar ise Avsunviroidae olmak üzere iki familya içerisinde yer almaktadır. Viroidlerin konukçuları arasında sebze, süs bitkileri ve çok yıllık odunsu bitkiler yer almaktadır. Viroidler bulaşık tarım aletleri ile mekanik olarak kolayca taşınabilmektedir. Ayrıca, tohum, polen, böcekler ve vejetatif üretim materyalleri ile yayılabilmektedirler. Taksonomik olarak 2 familya içinde yer alan 30'dan fazla viroid hatalık etmeni bulunmaktadır. Ülkemizde de kültür bitkilerinde hastalığa neden olan birçok hastalık etmeni viroid saptanmıştır. Bu derlemede viroidler ve ülkemizde bitkilerde hastalığa yol açan viroid etmenleri (Potato spindle tuber viroid, Chrysanthemum stunt viroid, Citrus exocortis viroid, Hop stunt viroid, Citrus cachexia viroid, Citrus viroid III–IV, Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1–2, Avocado sunblotch viroid, Peach latent mosaic viroid) hakkında derlenen bilgiler yer almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Viroid, Avsunviroidae, Pospiviroidae

Viroids are circular, single-stranded RNAs that infect plants. Viroids belong to two families, Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae, whose members replicate in the nucleus and chloroplast of plant cells, respectively. The host range of viroids includes vegetable crops, ornamentals, and woody perennials, depending upon the viroid species. Viroids are easily transmitted mechanically through contaminated pruning tools. They can also be spread vegetatively by grafting, tuber propagation, infected seed, pollen, and insects. There are over 30 known viroid species that are taxonomically divided into two families. Viroids are also responsible for several cultivated plant diseases in Turkey. Viroids and viroid disease agents causing plant disease (Potato spindle tuber viroid, Chrysanthemum stunt viroid, Citrus exocortis viroid, Hop stunt viroid, Citrus cachexia viroid, Citrus viroid III–IV, Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1–2, Avocado sunblotch viroid, Peach latent mosaic viroid) in Turkey were discussed in this review

Keywords:

Viroid, Avsunviroidae, Pospiviroidae,

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