Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Dönemde ABD’nin Jeopolitik Tasavvurunda İstikrarsızlık Coğrafyası Olarak Ortadoğu

Günümüzde Ortadoğu denildiğinde akıllara ilk olarak iç savaş, çatışma, terörgibi problemler gelmekte ve çoğu zaman Ortadoğu istikrarsızlıkla doğrudanözdeşleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ortadoğu coğrafyasının temelkarakteristiği gibi görülen istikrarsızlığı, pratik jeopolitik ve popüler jeopolitikperspektifinden değerlendirmektir. Dolayısıyla çalışmada, Ortadoğu’nunistikrarsızlığı, pratik ve popüler jeopolitiğin birlikte kullanıldığı bir kuramsalçerçeveden analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada örnek olarak Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemdeABD’nin jeopolitik tasavvuru incelenmiş ve söz konusu dönemde yayınlananUlusal Güvenlik Strateji Raporları (UGSR) ile politik karikatürler eleştirel söylemanalizinin bir türü olan söylemsel-tarihsel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Nihayetinde,Ortadoğu’da iç savaş, etnik ve mezhepsel çatışma, terör gibi problemlerin varlığınıninkar edilemeyeceği, ancak bunların, ABD yönetimleri tarafından dış politikasöylemlerinde ön plana çıkarılmak suretiyle ve politik karikatürlerin bu söylemleripopüler kültürün bir parçası haline getirmesi yoluyla Ortadoğu ile özdeşleşir halege(tiri)ldiği ortaya konulmuştur. Ortadoğu’nun istikrarsızlığına ilişkin bu tür birokuma, popüler kültürde mevcut olan kalıpyargıların yeniden değerlendirilmesininönünü açma ve politika yapıcıları, bölgeye yönelik söylemlerini ve eylemlerinigözden geçirmeye yönlendirme potansiyeline sahiptir. Çalışmanın bir diğer katkısıise Türkçe literatürde ihmal edildiği görülen eleştirel jeopolitiği konu etmesindenkaynaklanmaktadır.

The Middle East as the Geography of Instability in the Post-Cold War Geopolitical Imagination of the USA

At the present time, when thinking about the Middle East, problems such as civil war, conflict, terrorism come to mind first and the Middle East is often directly identified with instability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the instability, which is seen as the main characteristic of the Middle Eastern geography from the practical geopolitical and popular geopolitical perspective. Accordingly, the instability of the Middle East is analyzed from a theoretical framework in which practical and popular geopolitics are both made use of. The geopolitical view of the USA in the post-Cold War era is chosen as the case and the National Security Strategy Reports published in that period and political cartoons are subject to the discourse-historical approach as a form of critical discourse analysis. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that the existence of problems such as civil war, ethnic and sectarian conflict, terrorism in the Middle East cannot be denied; however, they are identified with the Middle East by making them prominent in foreign policy discourse of US administrations, and by making the discourse a part of popular culture. Such a reading of the instability of the Middle East has the potential to re-evaluate stereotypes in popular culture, and to encourage policy makers to review their discourses and actions toward the region. Another contribution of the study is made to the critical geopolitical literature, which has been neglected in the Turkish literature.

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