Mehmet Serkan AKKİRAZ, Volker WILDE, Angela BRUCH, Torsten UTESCHER, Sariye Duygu DURAK ÜÇBAŞ, Volker MOSBRUGGER, Funda AKGÜN

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Erken-Orta Miyosen Yaşlı Kömürlü Tortulların Paleoekolojisi: Uşak-Güre ve Soma Havzalarından Örnekler

Bu çalışma, Soma ve Uşak-Güre havzalarındaki kömürlü Miyosen tortulların paleoekolojik özelliklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Soma Havzasındaki palinolojik örnekler Arabacıbozköy yakınındaki sondajdan elde edilmiştir. Sondaj karotunun kalınlığı 425 m olup, genellikle ince kırıntılı tortullar, linyit ve tüfitli seviyelerden oluşmaktadır. Kırıntılı ve linyitli seviyeler içeren bölüm Soma Formasyonuna, volkanik kırıntılı seviyeler içeren bölüm ise Deniş Formasyonuna karşılık gelmektedir. Soma Formasyonundan elde edilen palinolojik topluluk, ayırtlanmamış Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, herdem yeşil Quercus, Quercus spp. ve Alnus formlarını bol miktarda içermektedir. Toplulukta Poaceae ve Ephedra gibi otsul bitkiler düşük oranda gözlenmektedir. Deniş Formasyonu da Soma Formasyonda yüksek yüzdelerde kaydedilen sporomorfları içermektedir. Toplulukta, Castanea ve Engelhardia formları da bol miktardadır. Ancak Soma polen topluluğunda düşük yüzdelerle kaydedilen otsul bitkiler burada hem çeşit olarak hem de yüzdece daha fazla miktarda temsil edilmektedir. Otsul bitkiler Poaceae, Asteraceae ve Amaranthaceaeden oluşmaktadır. Uşak-Güre Havzasındaki Miyosen yaşlı tortullar Hacıbekir Grubu içerisinde bulunmaktadır. İlyaslı, Banaz ve Büyükoturak lokasyonlarındaki linyitli istiflerden bölümsel kesitler alınmış ve palinolojik örnekler derlenmiştir. Herbir lokasyonun sporomorf toplulukları, Polypodiaceae/Telipteridaceae, ayrılmamış Pinaceae, herdem yeşil Quercus, Quercus spp. ve Alnus formlarının bol olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak miktarlarda yersel farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. İlyaslı polen topluluğunda, spor çeşitliliği ve yüzdesi en yüksektir. Ayrıca diğer topluluklarda çok düşük oranlarda gözlenenen Cupressaceae, burada çok yüksek miktarlardadır. Büyükoturak polen topluluğunda, Carya ve Sparganiaceae formları baskındır. Poaceae, Asteraceae ve Amaranthaceae gibi otsul bitkiler Büyükoturak ve Banaz polen topluluklarında yüksek miktarlarda gözlenmektedir. Polen konsantrasyonlarındaki bu değişimler yersel bitki örtüsündeki değişimle ilgili olmalıdır. Elde edilen paleoiklim verilerine göre Soma ve Uşak-Güre havzalarıdaki kömürlü tortullarının çökelimi nemli ve sıcak koşullarda gerçekleşmiş olmalıdır.

Palaeoecology of the Early-Middle Miocene Coal-Bearing Sediments: Examples From the Uşak-Güre and Soma Basins

This study reveals paleoecological characteristics of the coal-bearing Miocene sediments in the Soma and Uşak-Güre basins. Palynological samples from the Soma Basin were obtained from a drilling near Arabacıbozköy. The thickness of drilling is around 425 m. The deposits are mainly made up of fine clastic sediments including lignite and tuffite levels. Levels with clastic and lignite correspond to the Soma Formation. The section containing the volcano-clastic levels corresponds to the Deniş Formation. Palynological assemblage from the Soma Formation includes abundant undifferentiated Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, evergreen Quercus, Quercus spp. and Alnus. In the assemblage herbaceous plants, such as Poaceae and Ephedra are observed in low quantities. The Deniş Formation also contains a high percentage of sporomorphs recorded in the Soma Formation. Castanea and Engelhardia are also abundant here. However, herbaceous plants recorded in the Soma pollen assemblage with low percentages are represented by both high percentages and varieties and consist of Poaceae, Asteraceae ve Amaranthaceae. The Miocene sediments in the Uşak-Güre Basin occur in the Hacıbekir Group. Partial sections from the lignite-bearing sequences of İlyaslı, Banaz and Büyükoturak locations were taken and palynological samples were collected. Sporomorph assemblages of the sediments on each locations indicate that Polypodiaceae/ Telipteridaceae, undifferentiated Pinaceae, evergreen Quercus, Quercus spp. and Alnus were abundant. However, there are some local differences in quantities. Diversity and percentage of spore are the highest in the İlyaslı pollen assemblage. Also Cupressaceae encountered in other communities at low rates are in high quantities here. Carya and Sparganiaceae forms are predominant in the Büyükoturak pollen assemblage. Herbaceous plants such as Poaceae, Asteraceae and Amaranthaceae in the Büyükoturak and Banaz pollen communities are aboserved in high quantities. These changes in the pollen concentrations should be related with in local vegetational changes. According to palaeoclimate data obtained, deposition of coal-bearing deposits in the Soma and Uşak-Güre basins might have occurred in warm and humid conditions.
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Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni-Cover
  • ISSN: 1016-9164
  • Başlangıç: 1947
  • Yayıncı: TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası
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