Kültür Bitkileri ile Ekim Nöbeti Uygulamalarının Yabancı Ot Yönetimine Etkisi

Tarım alanlarında bitki koruma etmenlerinin bulunmaması kaçınılmazdır. Bu bitki koruma etmenleri içerisinde üründe gözle görülür simptom oluşturmayanlar ve direk verime etki eden zararlılar yabancı otlardır. Uygulanabilirliğinin kolaylığı ve ekonomik oluşundan dolayı kimyasal mücadele tercih edilmesine rağmen, aynı şekilde farklı yöntemleri içinde barındıran yabancı ot entegre mücadele yönetimide artık günümüzde yeterli başarıya ulaşmamakla beraber herbisit dayanıklılığı ve fakir ekim nöbeti uygulamaları gibi benzeri nedenlerden dolayı sürdürülebilirlik sağlanamamaktadır. Bunun için üreticilerin elinde yabancı ot mücadelesiyle birlikte tarımsal girdileri azaltan, çevreye dost ve herbisit kalıntısına sebep olmayan en başarılı ekim nöbeti yönteminin zenginleştirilerek uygulanması sürdürülebilir tarımın olmazsa olmazıdır. Kültür bitkisine göre değişen yabancı ot türleriyle mücadelede en etkin yöntem ekim nöbeti olup, kültür bitkilerinin ekim ve hasat tarihlerinin, fenolojilerinin, rekabet güçlerinin, gübreleme isteklerinin ve yabancı ot türleriyle olan ilişkilerinin periyodik olarak değişmesinde, diğer yabancı ot mücadele yöntemlerine göre daha başarılıdır. Bu derlemede ekim nöbetinde kullanılan bazı kültür bitkilerinin yabancı ot mücadelesindeki yeri ve önemi ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ekim nöbeti, Kültür bitkileri, Yabancı ot mücadelesi

The Effect of Crops and Crop Rotations on Weed Management

It is inevitable that no plant protection pests find in agricultural areas. In these plant protection pests, weeds do not cause visible symptoms to crops and affect the yield directly. Although chemical management against weeds is preferred because of its ease of applicability and economic situation, it is not possible to achieve sustainability in different methods of integrated weed management that is no longer effective nowadays due to similar reasons such as herbicide resistance and poor crop rotations. For this purpose, it is essential of sustainable agriculture that enriched application of the most successful crop rotation method, which reduces agricultural inputs of weed control in rest with the producers, is environment friendly and does not cause any herbicide residue. The most effective method for managing weed species, which vary according to the cultivated crop, is crop rotation, it is more successful than other weed management methods in terms of periodic changes of sowing and harvesting dates, phenology, competitiveness, fertilization requests and weed species of crops. In this review, the place and the importance of some crops used in crop rotations have been revealed.

Keywords:

Crop rotation, Crops, Weed management,

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