Muhammad MISBAH-UL-HAQ, İmtiaz Ali KHAN, Abid FARID, Misbah ULLAH, Dawn H. GOUGE, Paul B. BAKER

Toprakaltı termiti Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)’ya karşı indoxacarb ve chlorfenapyr’in laboratuvar koşullarında etkisi

Indoxacarb ve chlorfenapyrin’in, Toprakaltı termiti, Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann)’da beslenme engelleyici ve bireyler arasında taşınma etkileri 2013-2014 yıllarında Gıda ve Tarım Nükleer Enstitüsü (NIFA) (Peshawar, Pakistan)’nde laboratuvar testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Test edilen kimyasal konsantrasyonları indoxacarb için 1-100 ppm (ağırlık/ağırlık) ve chlorfenapyrin 1 ile 7 ppm (ağırlık/ağırlık) arasında değişmiştir. Gözlemler indoxacarb’ın 50 ppm üzerindeki dozlarda hızlı ölüme sebep olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. 10 ppm’de, ölüm nispeten daha yavaş gerçekleşmiş olup, ELT50 ve ELT90 (%50 ve %90 öldürücü etkili maruz kalma süresi) sırasıyla 6.7 ve 25.3 gün olarak kaydedilmiştir. 10 ppm altındaki konsantrasyonlarda, indoxacarb için %100 ölüm daha uzun sürede gerçekleşmiştir. Buna karşılık chlorfenapyrin, 1 ppm’lik en düşük konsantrasyon hariç, test edilen tüm konsantrasyonlarda hızlı bir ölüm oranına sebep olarak %100 ölüm oranı 9 günde saptanmış, ELT50 ve ELT90 ise sırasıyla 2,7 ve 8,6 gün şekilde hesaplanmıştır. Her iki termit öldürücünün 1 ila 100 ppm (ağırlık/ağırlık) aralığındaki çeşitli konsantrasyonları, beslenme engelleyici ve bireyler arasında taşınma çalışmaları için denenmiştir. Sonuçlar, indoxacarb’ın hiçbir konsantrasyonun, H. indicola’nın beslenmesini engellemediğini göstermiş ve sadece 100 ppm indoxacarb uygulanmış filtre kağıdının tüketimi %100 ölümle sonuçlanmıştır. Chlorfenapyrin 100 ppm altındaki konsantrasyonlarda beslenme engelleyici özellik göstermemiştir. Ölüm, konsantrasyon ne olursa olsun düşük kalmış ve beslenme engelleme testlerinde %60’ı aşmamıştır. Bireyler arasında taşınma çalışmalarda, indoxacarb taşıyıcılardan alıcılara 70 ve 100 ppm konsantrasyonlarda başarıyla taşınmıştır. Chlorfenapyrin taşınması genellikle düşük alıcı ölümüne sebep olmuş ve taşıyıcılardan alıcılara aktarımı, sadece 1 ppm için %80’in üzerinde olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Chlorfenapyr, caydırıcılık, Heterotermes indicola, indoxacarb, toksisite, transfer

Efficacy of indoxacarb and chlorfenapyr against Subterranean termite Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in the laboratory

Efficacy, feeding deterrence and transfer of indoxacarb and chlorfenapyr by the subterranean termite, Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann), were evaluated in laboratory tests at Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar, Pakistan during 2013-2014. Chemical concentrations tested ranged from 1 to 100 ppm (wt/wt) of indoxacarb and 1 to 7 ppm (wt/wt) of chlorfenapyr. Observations revealed that indoxacarb caused rapid mortality at doses > 50 ppm. At 10 ppm, mortality was relatively slower and ELT50 and ELT90 (effective lethal exposure times for 50 and 90% mortality) were recorded as 6.7 and 25.3 d, respectively. At concentrations below 10 ppm, it took longer for indoxacarb to cause 100% mortality. In comparison, chlorfenapyr caused rapid mortality at all tested concentrations except the lowest concentration of 1 ppm, and 100% mortality occurred at 9 d, ELT50 and ELT90 calculated as 2.7 and 8.6 d, respectively. Various concentrations of both termiticides ranging from 1 to 100 ppm (wt/wt) were evaluated in feeding deterrence and transfer studies. The results showed that indoxacarb did not deter feeding of H. indicola at any concentration, and only consumption of filter paper treated with 100 ppm indoxacarb resulted in 100% mortality. Chlorfenapyr did not deter feeding at concentrations below 100 ppm. Mortality remained low regardless of concentration and did not exceed 60% in the feeding deterrence tests. In transfer studies, indoxacarb was successfully transferred from donors to recipients at concentrations of 70 and 100 ppm. Chlorfenapyr transfer generally caused low recipient mortality and transfer from donors to recipients was only evident at 1 ppm where recipient mortality exceeded 80%

Keywords:

Chlorfenapyr, deterrence, Heterotermes indicola, indoxacarb, toxicity, transfer,

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