Özgür IŞITAN VARER, Eylem GÜNDÜZ AKMAN, Adem GÜLEL

Farklı sıcaklık ve besin tipinin parazitoit Bracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)'un ömür uzunluğuna etkisi

Bracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)un ömür uzunluğuna 18-35 ºC arasındaki sabit ve değişmeli sıcaklıkların ve besinin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Konukçu olarak Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller,1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvaları kullanılmıştır. Erginlere üç besin tipinden birisi verilmiştir: konukçu larvası, bal çözeltisi (% 50) veya konukçu larvası+bal çözeltisi. Sıcaklık, dişi ve erkek parazitoitlerin ömür uzunluğu üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olmuştur. Her iki eşeyde en uzun ömür uzunluğu erginler 18 ºC yetiştirildiğinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Sıcaklığın 18 ºCden 35 ºCye yükselmesi ömür uzunluğunu azalmıştır. Değişmeli sıcaklıkta yetiştirilen erginler, 18 ºC ve 25 ºCde yetiştirilenlerden önemli oranda daha kısa, fakat 35 ºCden daha uzun yaşamıştır. Parazitoitlerin her iki eşeyinde ömür uzunluğu, besin tarafından önemli derecede etkilenmiştir. Ergin parazitoitlerin balla beslenmeleri ömür uzunluklarını arttırmıştır. Bu parazitoitler en uzun 18 ºC en kısa 35 ºCde yaşamışlardır. Farklı sıcaklıklarda tüm besin tipiyle beslenen dişiler erkeklerden daha uzun yaşamıştır.

The effects of different temperatures and diet on the longevity of Bracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

The effects of constant and varying temperatures from 18 ºC to 35 ºC and diet on longevity of Bracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were investigated. Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae were used as host. Adults were provided with one of the three food types: host larvae, honey solution (50%) or host larvae+honey solution. Temperature had a significant effect on the longevity of female and male parasitoids. The longest longevity of both sexes occured when adults reared at 18 ºC. Increasing the temperature from 18 ºC to 35 ºC decreased the longevity. Adults reared at fluctuating temperatures lived considerably shorter than those reared at 18 ºC and 25 ºC, but longer than at 35 ºC. Longevity also was significantly affected by diet in both sex of parasitoid. Honey feeding to adult parasitoids increased their longevity. They lived the longest at 18 ºC and the shortest at 35 ºC. Females fed with all food types in different temperatures lived longer than males.

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