Çukurova Deltası (Adana) biyotoplarında böceklerin farklı insan aktivitelerine biyolojik gösterge olarak kullanılma olanakları

Bu çalışma farklı insan aktivitelerinin böcek türlerine etkilerinin araştırılması amacı ile 2003-2004 yılları arasında Çukurova Deltası (Adana)’nda belirlenen kumul, tuzlu bataklık, tuzlu çayırlık, çam (Pinus sp.) ormanlık ve okaliptus (Eucalyptus sp.) ile ağaçlandırılmış alanlarda yürütülmüştür. Seçilen bu habitatlar kendi aralarında insan aktivitesinin olmadığı (0), olduğu (1) ve yoğun olduğu (2) alanlar olarak gruplandırılmış ve bu habitatlarda çukur tuzak örnekleme yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Farklı insan aktivitelerinden olumlu ya da olumsuz yönde etkilenen böcek türlerinin belirlenmesinde ReDundancy Analysis (RDA) metodu altında Generalized Linear Model (GLM) binomial (bulunma-bulunmama) ve Guassian (populasyon yoğunluğu) yöntemleri kullanılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlara göre habitatlarda küçükbaş ve büyükbaş hayvanların otlatılması, tarım alanlarının habitatlara yakınlığı, habitatlardaki yol varlığı, turizm ve bitki kesimi aktivitelerinin toplam 16 böcek türü [Scarabaeus sacer L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Scarites eurytus (Fischer-Waldheim), (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Pentodon bidens (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Scarites planus (Bonelli) (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Clitobius oblongiusculus oblongiusculus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Scaurus puncticollis dlabolai Kaszab (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Pimelia bajula solieri Mulsant & Wachandru (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Erodius orientalis oblongus Solier (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Anoxia orientalis (Krynecki) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Centorus turcicus (Kaszab) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Onthophagus furcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Pogonus punctifrons Reitter (Coleoptera: Carabidae) ve Coleoptera takımından Histeridae, Elateridae, Bostrichidae ve Anthicidae familyalarına ait birer tür]’nün ortamda bulunma-bulunmama, 6 böcek türü (S. sacer, Sphenophorus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Gonocephalum rusticum (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Forficula sp. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), Zophosis dilatata Deyrolle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) ve P. Punctifrons]’nün ise populasyon yoğunluklarındaki değişimlerinin olumlu ya da olumsuz şekilde etkilendikleri ve yukarıda bildirilen insan aktivitelerine bağlı olarak biyolojik gösterge olma şanslarının diğer türlere oranla daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur.

Evaluation of insect as bio-indicators for human activities in biotopes of Çukurova Delta (Adana)

This research was conducted to determine suitable insect species as indicator for different human activities within the Çukurova Delta between 2003 and 2004. For this purpose, sand dune, salt marsh and salt meadow, forest with Pinus sp and afforestation areas with Eucalyptus sp biotopes were evaluated in Çukurova Delta. Natural, semi-natural and unnatural habitats were chosen as 3 different human activity levels under each biotope and pitfall trap method was used in all sampling areas according to habitat properties. Under ReDundancy Analysis (RDA) method, Generalized Linear Model (GLM), binomial and Guassian were utilized to find indicator species for human activities. In this respect presence-absence condition of 16 insect species [Scarabaeus sacer L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Scarites eurytus (Fischer-Waldheim) (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Pentodon bidens (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Scarites planus (Bonelli) (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Clitobius oblongiusculus oblongiusculus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Scaurus puncticollis dlabolai Kaszab (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Pimelia bajula solieri Mulsant & Wachandru (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Erodius orientalis oblongus Solier (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Anoxia orientalis (Krynecki) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Centorus turcicus (Kaszab) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Onthophagus furcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Pogonus punctifrons Reitter (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and one each Coleoptera: Histeridae, Elateridae, Bostrichidae and Anthicidae) and population of six species (S. sacer, Sphenophorus sp (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Gonocephalum rusticum (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Forficula sp (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), Zophosis dilatata Deyrolle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and P. punctifrons] were affected negatively or positively by cattle and sheep/goat grazing, agriculture land, goat path, tourism and cutting plant.

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