Şenol YILDIZ, Mustafa İMREN, Nagihan DUMAN

Bolu ili buğday alanlarında nematod biyoçeşitliliği

Tarım arazileri hem bitki paraziti nematodlar hem de serbest yaşayan yararlı nematodları birlikte barındırmaktadır. Bitki paraziti nematodlar bitki kalite parametreleri üzerinde olumsuz etkiler doğururken, serbest yaşayan nematodlar ise yaşamsal faaliyetleri sonucu olumlu etkilere sahiptir. Dolayısıyla, çalışma hem bitki paraziti nematodların çeşitlilik yapısı hem de yararlı nematodların çeşitlilik yapısını incelemek üzere yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, 2015 yılında Bolu ili buğday alanlarından toprak örnekleri toplanmıştır. Bolu ili rakım farklılıkları göz önüne alınarak iki farklı alt-bölgeye ayrılmıştır. Çalışma alanında, 13 bitki paraziti, 12 bakterivor, 4 fungivor, 4 predatör ve 10 omnivor gruba ait olmak üzere, toplam 43 nematod taksonu tespit edilmiştir. Nematod trofik gruplarının oransal dağılımlarına göre, bakterivorların baskın olduğu bir kommunite yapısına sahip olduğunu, bunu bitki parazitleri, fungivorlar, omnivorlar izlemiş, predatörler ise oldukça düşük bir orana sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Serbest yaşayan nematodlardan, özellikle temel fauna bileşeni olan bakterivor ve iri cüsseli omnivore nematodların hem çeşitlilik hem de yoğunluk bakımından iyi durumda olduğu görülmüştür. Genel kommunite ve nematode maturity indisleri her iki alt-bölgeden alınan toprak örnekleri için hesaplanmış, indis değerleri arasında ise istatistikî olarak bir farklılığın görülmediği, dar bir aralıkta dağıldığı saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, nematode biyoçeşitlilik yapısına dayanılarak elde edilen bilgiler ışığında, Bolu ili buğday alanlarındaki toprak besin ağı orta ve iyi dereceler arasında yer aldığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biyoindikatör, çeşitlilik, nematodlar, trofik grup, buğday

Nematode biodiversity in cereal growing areas of Bolu, Turkey

Agricultural fields usually contain both plant parasitic and beneficial free-living nematodes. Plant parasitic nematodes have a negative impact on plant productivity and quality traits, whereas free-living nematodes can have beneficial effects on the agricultural soils health. This study was conducted to investigate the diversity of both plant parasitic nematodes and beneficial free-living nematode. Soil samples were collected in 2015 from wheat growing areas of Bolu Province to investigate soil nematode diversity. Bolu Province was divided into two sub-areas according to elevational. Forty-three nematode taxa were found in the samples; 13 taxa plant parasites, 12 bacterivores, 4 fungivores, 10 omnivores and 4 predators. Relative distribution of nematode trophic groups indicated a bacterivore dominated community, followed by plant parasites, fungivores and omnivores; predators represented only a small proportion. Free-living nematodes, especially bacterivores of basal fauna members and large bodied omnivore members were in good condition in abundance and diversity. General community and maturity indices were calculated for each sample and for the two sub-areas. They produced narrow range values with no significant differences. The study revealed that soil food web in wheat growing areas of the province was in fair to good condition based on nematode diversity.

Keywords:

Bioindicator, diversity, nematodes, trophic groups, wheat,

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