Bacillus thuringiensis ile Neem ekstraktlarının ve karışımlarının etkinlikleri üzerinde incelemeler

Biopestisitler konusunda yaşanan dezavantajların başında gelen etkinin gecikmeli olarak ve konvansiyonel pestisitlere göre daha düşük oranda ortaya çıkması bu çalışmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada, Bacillus thuringiensis esaslı biopestisitler ile Azadirahtin esaslı biopestisitlerin tek başlarına ve karışım halinde kullanımlarının etkililiği karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada test böceği olarak Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)’in yeni 5. döneme geçmiş larvaları, biopestisit olarak da Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki (Delfin® WG, Certis) ve Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai (XenTari® WG, Valent BioScience), yağ bazlı neem (Neem Azal® T/S, Trifolio-M) ve neem (Neemix® 4.5, Certis) esaslı biopestisitler kullanılmıştır. Biopestisitler, 50 ppm ve 100 ppm dozlarında tek başlarına ve yarım dozda karışımlar halinde besin yoluyla uygulanmıştır. Biopestisitlerin karışım halinde uygulandığı bireylerde tek başlarına uygulandıklarına göre beslenmenin dolayısıyla da gelişmenin ilk günden itibaren yavaşladığı ve erken ölümlerin gerçekleştiği ortaya konulmuştur. Özellikle XenTari biopestisitinin olduğu karışım uygulamalarından en yüksek ve hızlı etki alınmıştır. XenTari+Neem Azal karışımlarında ortalama larva ağırlıkları 48-51 mg arasında değişirken, XenTari+Neemix karışımlarında 42-63 mg arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Bu karışımları sırasıyla Delfin+Neem Azal ve Delfin+Neemix karışımlarının etkileri izlemiştir. En düşük etki Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki etkili maddeli Delfin biopestisitinin tek başına uygulandığı bireylerde gözlenirken, kontrol grubunu oluşturan bireyler ortalama 410 mg’a kadar ulaşmıştır. En yüksek öldürücü etki ise uygulamadan sonraki yedi ve dokuz gün sonra yine biopestisit karışım halinde denendikleri gruplardan elde edilmiştir.

Studies on the efficacies of combinations of Bacillus thuringiensis with neem extracts

This study was carried out to overcome delayed and less effectiveness that are the main disadvantages of biopesticides compared to conventional pesticides. The use of combination of Bacillus thuringiensis and azadirachtin based biopesticides was evaluated for efficacies. The penultimate instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as test insect, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Delfin® WG, Certis), Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai (XenTari® WG, Valent BioSciece), oil based neem (Neem Azal T/S®, Trifolio-M), and neem (Neemix® 4.5, Certis) as biopesticides were used in this study. The biopesticides were applied to the test insect larvae at the doses of 50 ppm, 100 ppm individually and in combinations, and also half doses in combinations through feed. It was concluded that rapid slowdown of feeding behavior, accordingly reduction in larval growth, and premature deaths from the first day were determined when the biopesticides were treated in combination compare to that of individual applications. Combinations of XenTari+Neem Azal and XenTari+Neemix had the highest efficacies in terms of the larvae weight. In those groups, larvae weight chanced between 48-51 mg and 42-63 mg respectively. Following treatments in combination of Delfin+Neem Azal, and Delfin+Neemix were also found effective compare to that of their individual applications and untreated ones (up to 410 mg). Highest lethal effects had also observed mostly in seven and nine days after application in combination of biopesticides.

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