Leptin, Mikrobiyota ve Obezite İlişkisi

Obezite vücut yağ dengesinin bozulması ile karakterize olan küresel bir sağlık sorunudur. Bu sorunla mücadelede yeni bakış açıları kazanabilmek için obezite gelişimi ve ilerlemesi ile ilgili biyokimyasal, fizyolojik vb. süreçleri anlamaya yönelik çeşitli araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Tokluk hormonu olarak adlandırılan leptin, iştah metabolizmasından bağışıklık sistemine birçok yaşamsal faaliyette görevli olmakla beraber enerji homeostazında da etkilidir. Vücut ağırlığının düzenlenmesinde büyük rol oynayan leptin hormonunun sinyalizasyonundaki ya da bileşenlerindeki genetik bozukluklar leptin direncine dolayısıyla da obeziteye neden olabilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra bağırsak mikrobiyotasının da obezite, insülin direnci, gibi pek çok metabolik bozukluğunda patogenezinde olası katkıları araştırılmaktadır. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası; besin sindirimi ve emilimi, çeşitli iştah hormonları veya peptitlerinin salgılanmasının düzenlenmesi gibi birçok metabolik olaydan sorumludur ve mikrobiyotadaki bozukluklar da obezite için risk faktörüdür. Ayrıca bağırsak mikrobiyotasının leptin ile bağlantılı olduğu bunun da obezite üzerinde etkili olabileceği yapılan çalışmalarla desteklenmektedir. Bu derleme obezitenin etiyolojisinde mikrobiyota ve leptin hormonunun rolüne dikkat çekebilmek amacıyla araştırılan güncel bilgiler doğrultusunda hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma hakemli dergilerde yayınlanan ve PubMed, Web of Science ve Google Scholar’da taranan yayınlardan derlenmiştir. Bu amaçla leptin, bağırsak mikrobiyotası, obezite, leptin direnci anahtar kelimeleri birlikte kullanılmış ve bu çalışmada araştırma makalelerine yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Leptin, bağırsak mikrobiyotası, obezite, leptin direnci, mikroorganizma

The Relationship of Leptin, Microbiota and Obesity

Obesity is a global health problem characterized by the deterioration of body fat balance. In order to gain new perspectives in the contend with this problem, various researches are carried out to understand the biochemical, physiological, etc. processes related to the development and progression of obesity. Leptin, called the satiety hormone, is involved in many vital activities from appetite metabolism to the immune system and is also effective in energy homeostasis. Genetic defects in the signaling or components of the leptin hormone, which plays a major role in the regulation of body weight, may cause leptin resistance and thus obesity. In addition, possible contributions of intestinal microbiota to the pathogenesis of many metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance are being investigated. Intestinal microbiota; it is responsible for many metabolic events such as food digestion and absorption, regulation of secretion of various appetite hormones or peptides, and disorders in the microbiota are also risk factors for obesity. It is also supported by studies that the intestinal microbiota is associated with leptin, which may have an effect on obesity. This review has been prepared in line with current information researched in order to draw attention to the microbiota and the role of leptin hormone in the etiology of obesity. The research was compiled from publications published in peer-reviewed journals and scanned in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. For this purpose, the keywords leptin, intestinal microbiota, obesity, leptin resistance were used together and research articles were included in this study.

Keywords:

Leptin, Intestinal microbiota, Obesity, Leptin resistance, Microorganism,

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