VANILLIN: IS IT JUST AN AROMATIC OR A CURE FOR CANCER?

VANILLIN: IS IT JUST AN AROMATIC OR A CURE FOR CANCER?

Abstract: Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases mankind has confronted, and it is listed as the second most common reason of death according to the World Health Organization. Its damage to global economy is valued trillions of dollars and it is increasing day by day. This literature review is aiming to reflect on vanillin's anticancer potential, a natural chemical being used in different industrial areas. Beside flavour, it is a powerful antioxidant and a strong antimutagenic. Oxidative stress and mutati-ons are two major reasons for carcinogenesis. Therefore, the cancer prevention and/or therapeutic potential of vanillin is being investigated. Many studies using different cell lines have noted that vanillin had positive effects on cancer. Keywords: Cancer, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, vanillin

___

  • 1. Ohta T, Watanabe M, Watanabe K et al. Inhibitory effects of flavo-rings on mutagenesis induced by chemicals in bacteria. Food Chem Toxicol 1986;24:51–4.
  • 2. Ho K, Yazan LS, Ismail N et al. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 induced by vanillin. Cancer Epidemiology 2009;33:155–60.
  • 3. Bythrow JD. Vanilla as a medicinal plant. Semin Integr Med 2005;3:129–31.
  • 4. Raffai G, Khang G, Vanhoutte PM. Vanillin and vanillin analogs relax porcine coronary and basilar arteries by inhibiting L-type Ca21 channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015;352(1):14–22.
  • 5. World Health Organization. Cancer (serial online) 2018 Sep (cited 2019 August 2). Available from: URL:https://www.who.int/news-ro-om/fact-sheets/detail/cancer.
  • 6. World Health Organization. World cancer report 2014 (serial on-line) 2014 (cited 2019 August 2). Available from: URL: https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/28525/1/World%20Cancer%20Report.pdf.
  • 7. Durand N, Storz P. Targeting reactive oxygen species in develop-ment and progression of pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017;17(1):19–31.
  • 8. Allen JA, Coombs MM. Covalent binding of polycyclic aro-matic compounds to mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Nature 1980;287(5779):244-5.
  • 9. Augenlicht LH, Heerdt B. Mitochondria: integrators in tumorige-nesis?. Nat Gen 2001;28:104-5.
  • 10. Baysal BE, Ferrell RE, Willett-Brozick JE et al. Mutations in SDHD, a mitochondrial complex II gene, in hereditary paraganglio-ma. Science 2000;287(5454):848-51.
  • 11. Walling CT. Radical. Encyclopædia Britannica (serial online) 1998 July (cited 2019 August 4). Available from: URL:https://www.britannica.com/science/radical-chemistry.
  • 12. Wiseman H, Halliwell B. Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer. Biochem J 1996;313:17–29.
  • 13. Fridovich, I. Superoxide anion radical (O2-.), superoxide dismu-tases, and related matters. J Biol Chem 1997;272(30):18515–7.
  • 14. Kröller-Schön S, Steven S, Kossmann S et al. Molecular mecha-nisms of the crosstalk between mitochondria and NADPH oxidase through reactive oxygen species-studies in white blood cells and in animal models. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014;20(2):247-66.
  • 15. Klaunig JE, Xu Y, Isenberg JS et al. The role of oxidative stress in chemical carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect 1998;106:289–95.
  • 16. Cross CE, Halliwell B, Borish ET et al. Oxygen radicals and hu-man disease. Ann Intern Med 1987;107(4):526-45.
  • 17. Bae YS, Kang SW, Seo MS et al. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced generation of hydrogen peroxide. Role in EGF recep-tor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 1997;272:217–21.
  • 18. Szatrowski TP, Nathan CF. Production of large amounts of hyd-rogen peroxide by human tumor cells. Cancer Res 1991;51:794–8.
  • 19. Cameron E, Pauling L. Supplemental ascorbate in the supportive treatment of cancer: prolongation of survival times in terminal hu-man cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1976;73(10):3685–9.
  • 20. Cameron E, Pauling L. Supplemental ascorbate in the supportive treatment of cancer: reevaluation of prolongation of survival times in terminal human cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1978;75(9):4538–42.
  • 21. Sabharwal SS, Schumacker PT. Mitochondrial ROS in can-cer: initiators, amplifiers or an Achilles’ heel? Nat Rev Cancer 2014;14(11):709–21.
  • 22. Sayin VI, Ibrahim MX, Larsson E et al. Antioxidants accelerate lung cancer progression in mice. Sci Transl Med 2014;29(6):221ra215.
  • 23. Piskounova E, Agathocleous M, Murphy MM et al. Oxidative stress inhibits distant metastasis by human melanoma cells. Nature 2015;527(7577):186-91.
  • 24. Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, Balmes J et al. The beta-carotene and retinol efficacy trial: incidence of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality during 6-year follow-up after stopping beta-carote-ne and retinol supplements. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96(23):1743–50.
  • 25. Ali HS, Abdullah AA, Pınar PT et al. Simultaneous voltammetric determination of vanillin and caffeine in food products using an ano-dically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode: its comparison with HPLC- DAD. Talanta 2017;170:384-91.
  • 26. Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C et al. Polyphenols: food sour-ces and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79(5):727-47.
  • 27. Imanishi H, Sasaki YF, Matsumoto K et al. Suppression of 6-TG-resistant mutations in V79 cells and recessive spot formations in mice by vanillin. Mutat Res 1990;243(2):151-8.
  • 28. Kuroda Y, Inoue T. Antimutagenesis by factors affecting DNA repair in bacteria. Mutat Res 1988;202:387–91.
  • 29. Ohta T, Watanabe M, Shirasu Y et al. Post-replication repa-ir and recombination in uvrA umuC strains of Escherichia coli are enhanced by vanillin, an antimutagenic compound. Mutat Res 1988;201:107–12.
  • 30. Zhou YC, Zheng RL. Phenolic compounds and an analog as su-peroxide anion scavengers and antioxidants. Biochem Pharmacol 1991;42(6):1177-9.
  • 31. Santosh Kumar S, Priyadarsini KI, Sainis KB. Free radical sca-venging activity of vanillin and o-vanillin using 1,1-diphenyl-2-pic-rylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Redox Rep 2002;7(1):35-40.
  • 32. Kamat JP, Ghosh A, Devasagayam TP. Vanillin as an antioxi-dant in rat liver mitochondria: inhibition of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation induced by photosensitization. Mol Cell Biochem 2000;209(1-2):47-53.
  • 33. Kumar SS, Priyadarsini KI, Sainis KB. Inhibition of peroxynitri-te-mediated reactions by vanillin. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52(1):139-45.
  • 34. Carmeliet P, Dor Y, Herbert JM et al. Role of HIF-1α in hy-poxia-mediated apoptosis, cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Nature 1998;394:485-90.
  • 35. Park EJ, Lee YM, Oh TI et al. Vanillin suppresses cell motility by inhibiting STAT3-mediated HIF-1α mRNA expression in malignant melanoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18(3):532.
  • 36. Lirdprapamongkol K, Sakurai H, Kawasaki N et al. Vanillin sup-presses in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis of mouse breast can-cer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005;25(1):57-65.
  • 37. Fugh-Berman A, Epstein S. Tamoxifen: disease prevention or di-sease substitution?. Lancet 1992;340:1143–5.
  • 38. King AA, Shaughnessy DT, Mure K et al. Antimutagenicity of cinnamaldehyde and vanillin in human cells, global gene expression and possible role of DNA damage and repair. Mutat Res 2007;616:60–9.
  • 39. Martínez-Maqueda D, Miralles B, Recio I. HT29 cell line. In: Verhoeckx K, Cotter P, López-Expósito I, et al., editors. The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health. Cham:Springer; 2015.p.113-4.