Toxicity of crude neem leaf extract against housefly Musa domestica L. adults as compared with DDVP, Dichlorvos
Ham neem yaprağı özütünün karasineğe (Musca domestica L.) karşı toksisitesi DDVP’nin (Dichlorvos) toksisitesiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Neem yaprağı özütü 5; 10; 20; 40; 80µg/karasinek dozlarında, DDVP ise 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 µg/karasinek dozlarında uygulanmıştır. Probit analizi yöntemiyle hesaplanan öldürücü doz değerleri neem özütü için LD50= 8.4 µg/karasinek, LD90= 169.8 µg/karasinek; DDVP için LD50= 0.44, LD90= 3.58 µg/karasinek olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Ham neem yaprağı özütünün yetişkin karasineğe (Musa domestica L.) Karşı toksisitesinin DDVP' nin (Dichlovos) toksisitesiyle karşılaştırması
Toxicity of neem extract in comparison with DDVP (Dichlorvos) was determined against the housefly ( Musca domestica L). Neem leaf extract was applied at 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 microgram/fly and DDVP was treated in 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 microgram/fly doses. Lethal dose values were calculated with probit analysis and $LD_ {50}$ and $LD_ {90}$ values were found to be 8.4 and 169.8 ug/fly of neem extract respectively, whereas, values of 0.44 and 3.58 ug/fly of DDVP were found for $LD_ {50}$ and $LD_ {90}$ against house flies.
___
- 1. Rathore, H.R; Tariq, G; Rashid, S; Mujtaba, S.M. and Nasir, S.M. Insecticide resistance in Anopheline mosquitoes of Punjab province, Pakistan. Pak. J. Zool 17 (1): 35, 1986.
- 2. Ascher, K.R.S; Ehahu, M; Nemny; N.E. and Meisner; J. Neem seed kernel extract as an inhibitor of growth and fecundity in Spodoptera littoralis Proc. 2nd Int. Neem Conf. (Rauischholz hausen, 1983), 253, 1984.
- 3. Maurer, G. Effect of a methnolic extract of neem seed kernal on the metamorphosis of Ephestia kuehniella Proc. 2nd Int. Neem Conf. (Rauischholz hausen, 1983), 365, 1984.
- 4. Sharma, H.C; Leuschner, K; Sankaram, A.V.B; Gunaserhar, D; Marthandamurthi, M; Bhaskariah, K; Subramanyam M. and Sultana, N. Insect antifeedants and growth inhibitors from Azadirachta indica Proc. 2nd Int. Neem Conf. (Rauischholz hausen 1983), 291, 1984.
- 5. Akhtar, K; Naqvi, S.N.H and Azmi, M.A. Insect growth regulating effect of tetranortriterpenoids (NID) on 3rd instar larvae of Musca domestica L. (PCSIR Strain). Pak. J. Entomol. 2 (1): 17, 1987.
- 6. Bidmon. H.J; Kauser. G; Mobus. P. and Koolman. J. Effect of azadirachtin on blowfly larvae and pupae. Proc. 3rd Int. Neem Conf. (Nairobi, 1986), 253, 1987.
- 7. Naqvi, S.N.H. Biological evaluation of fresh neem extracts and some neem components with reference to and esterase activity in insects. Proc. 3rd Int. Neem Conf. (Nairobi 1986). 315, 1987.
- 8. Wilps, H. Growth and adult moulting of larvae and pupae of the blowfly. Phormia terrae-novae in relationship to azadirachtin concentration. Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. (Nairobi, 1986), 299, 1987.
- 9. Chellayan, S. and Karnavar. G.K. Inhibition of ovarian development by neem kernal extract in Trogoderma granarium. J.
- Anim. Morphol. Physiol. 37 (1-2): 109, 1990. 10. Isman, M.B; Koul, O; Luczynski, A and Kaminsky, J. Insecticidal and antifeedant bioactivities of neem oils and their relationship to azadirachtin content. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 1406, 1990.
- 11. Khan, M.W; Naqvi, S.N.H; Ahmad, I; Tabassum, R. and Mohammad, F.A. Toxicity of crude Neem extracts (N-4) and (N-9) against late 2nd instar larvae of Musca domestica (PCSIR Strain). Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 4 (1): 77, 1991.
- 12. Nicol, M.Y. and Schmutterer, H. Contact effects of seed oil from the neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss on nymphs of gregarious phase of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal). J. Appl. Entomol. 111 (2): 197, 1991.
- 13. Sherma, G.K. Growth inhibiting activity of azadirachtin on Corcyra cephalonica. Phytoparasitics 20 (1): 251, 1992.
- 14. Naqvi, S.N.H; Naqvi, A.N; Siddiqui, B.S; Faizi, S: and Zia, A. Toxicity and effect of FFS (Neem Product) against Mammals. Pak. J. Entomol. 10 (1&2): 5, 1995.
- 15. Khan, M.Z; Naqvi, S.N.H; Tabassum, R; Azmi, M.A. and Rani, S. Determination of tolerance in Aedas aegypti L. against cypermethrin and neem fractions. Pakistan J. Entomol. 10 (1&2): 25, 1995.
- 16. Ashrafi, S.H; Muzaffar, S.A and Anwarullah, M. Mass rearing of mosquitoes, houseflies and cockroaches in PCSIR Laboratories for insecticide testing. J. Sci. Ind. 4: 312, 1966.
- 17. Nurulain, S.M; Tabassum, R and Naqvi, S.N.H. Synergistic formulation of a neem product and its IGR effects on Musca domestica L. (PCSIR strain). Pakistan J. Entomol. Kar., 9: 43-50, 1994.
- 18. Naqvi, S.N.H; Nurulain, S.M; Azmi, M.A. and Asdaque, S.T. Effect of neem fractions and melathion against whiteflies. Aleurobus barodensis on brinjal crop (Solanum melongena). Sarhad. J. Agric. 5: 25, 1989.
- 19. Naqvi, S.N.H. and Tabassum, R. Probable development of resistance against neem extract (RB-a) and Cyfluthrin (Solfac 10%) in Musca domestica L. (PCSIR Strain). Pakistan J. Entomol. 7: 9, 1992.
- 20. Azmi, M.A; Yasmeen, K; Naqvi, S.N.H; Jehan. M. and Akhtar, K. Comparative toxicity of Solfac (10% Cyfluthrin) and a crude neem extact (RB-a) on Alphitobious diaperinus Geobios 20 (3): 175, 1993.
- 21. Azmi, M.A; Naqvi, S.N.H; Habib, R; Akhtar, K; Jahan, M. and Tabassum, R. Toxcico Logical studies of solfac and neem formulation against Sitophilus oxyzal Nat. Acad. Sci., letters 16 (5-6): 187, 1993.
- 22. Nurulain, S.M. Study of the effects of azadirachtin (Margosan). Meliacins, DDVP and Cyfluthrin on Musca domestica L. (PCSIR Strain). M. Phil. thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi. 1994. 178 pp.
- 23. Naqvi, S.N.H; Temuri, K.H; Nurulain, S.M; Tabassum, R and Ahmad, I. Toxicity and IGR effect of Neem Fractions in Aedes aegypti (PCSIR Strain). Pak. J. Entomol. 9 (2): 83, 1994.
- 24. Jotwani, M.G. and Srivastava, K.P. A review of neem research in India in relation to insects. Proc. 2nd Int. Neem Conf. (Rauischholzhausen 1983), 43, 1984.
- 25. Haasler. C. Effect of neem seed extracts on the post embryonic developments of the tobacco hornworn. Manduca sexta Proc. 2nd Int. Neem Conf. (Rauischholzhausen 1983), 321, 1984.
- 26. Rao, P.J and Subrahmanyam, B. Azadirachtin induced changes in development, food utilization and haemolymph constituent of Schistocerca gregaria F.J. Appl. Entomol. 102 (4): 217, 1986.
- 27. Yasmin, N; Khan, M.F; Jehan, M; Naqvi, S.N.H. and Tabassum, R. Toxicological studies of Trichlorofon (OP-insecticide) and RBa (Neem Extract) against adults of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Pak. J. Entomol. 10 (1&2): 65, 1995.
- 28. Islam, B.N. Use of some extracts from Meliaceae and Anonaceae for control of the Hispa. Dicladispa armigera and the pulse beetle. Callosobruchus chinensis Proc. 3rd Int. Neem Conf. (Nairobi 1986) 217, 1987.
- 29. Jehan, M; Ahmad, I. and Naqvi, S.N.H. Toxicity of Juliflorine and Margosan-OTM against 3rd instar larvae of Musca domestica and its after effect on morphogenesis. Proc. Pak. Congr. Zool. 10: 293, 1990.
- 30. Naqvi, S.N.H; Temuri, K.H; Nurulain, S.M; Ahmad, I. and Larson, R.O. Toxicity and effect of neem fractions (RBU-9, RB-b and Margosan-OTM) on phosphatases and protein pattern of Culex fatigans (K.U. Strain). Pak. J. Pharm. 12 (2): 49, 1995.
- 31. Georghiou, G. and Lagunes-T, A. The occurence of resistance to pesticides in arthropods, Pub: FAO, Rome, 1991.
- 32. Yasutomi, K. Insecticide resistance in houseflies of the third Yumenshima, a new dumping-Island of Tokyo. Japan J. Sanit. Zool. 26 (4): 257-58, 1975.