Preliminary study on distribution, diversity, and ecological characteristics of nonmarine Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the Erzincan region (Turkey)

Ecological characteristics of 32 nonmarine ostracod taxa collected from 89 aquatic habitats of Erzincan (Turkey) during the summer of 2006 were evaluated. All of the species are new reports for the area, while Cypria sywulae Meisch, 2000 is a new record for the Turkish ostracod fauna. The first 2 axes of canonical correspondence analysis explain 74.1% of the variance between 15 species and 5 environmental variables. The influence of water temperature on species distribution was significantly higher (P = 0.02) than that of the other ecological factors. The most frequently occurring species were clustered into 3 main groups based on their ecological characteristics using unweighted pair group mean averages. Among the species, cosmopolitans showed a tendency to display wide ranges of tolerance values. Cypridopsis vidua (O. F. Müller, 1776) was the only species showing a significant (P = 0.03) negative correlation to habitat type (lentic versus lotic). Our results support the idea that once ecological characteristics of individual species are known, it is possible to use such knowledge in reconstructing past ecological conditions. However, application of this idea may not be limited to local/alpha species diversity. Indeed, our results suggest that studying gamma/regional diversity (Erzincan and environs) allows extending conclusions over a larger geographical scale and wider range of ecosystems.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Distribution, diversity, ecological tolerance, Erzincan, Ostracoda

Preliminary study on distribution, diversity, and ecological characteristics of nonmarine Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the Erzincan region (Turkey)

Keywords:

Key words: Distribution, diversity, ecological tolerance, Erzincan, Ostracoda,

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Appendix. Geographical information (station names, altitudes, latitudes-N, longitudes-E) and 9 physicochemical variables from 89 different water bodies in Erzincan (Turkey). Abbreviations: Alt = altitude (m); Ta = air temperature (°C); Tw = water temperature (°C); SHE = standard hydrogen electrode (redox potential, mV); %S = oxygen saturation (%); DO = dissolved oxygen (mg/L); EC = electrical conductivity (µS/cm); TDS = total dissolved solids (mg/L); Sal = salinity (ppt); NA = not available. Species codes: Dst, Darwinula stevensoni; CC, Candona candida; CN, Candona neglecta; CA, Candona angulata; FA, Fabaeformiscandona sp.; PA, Pseudocandona albicans; Csy, Cypria sywulae; CS, Cyclocypris ovum; ID, Ilyocypris decipiens; IB, Ilyocypris bradyi; II, Ilyocypris inermis; CP, Cypris pubera; EV, Eucypris virens; EL, Eucypris lilljeborgi; PZ, Prionocypris zenkeri; HB, Herpetocypris brevicaudata; HC, Herpetocypris chevreuxi; PO, Psychrodromus olivaceus; Pfo, P. fontinalis; PR, Psychrodromus sp.; SF, Stenocypria fischeri; HI, Heterocypris incongruens; HS, Heterocypris salina; DF, Dolerocypris fasciata; DS, Dolerocypris sinensis; Ibea, Isocypris beauchampi; CV, Cypridopsis vidua; Pfu, Potamocypris fulva; PF, Potamocypris fallax; PS, Potamocypris similis; Pvi, Potamocypris villosa; LI, Limnocythere inopinata. No. Station name Alt. Latitude Longitude Ta Tw pH SHE %S DO EC TDS Sal Species code 1 Reed bed 1 1684 39°28′423″ 39°38′277″ 0 29 92 20200 40.8 70 50 355 02 Dst, DF 2 Horhor 1096 39°37′006″ 39°44′010″ 6 9 51 2115 20.2 80 70 410 0.40 -3 Reed bed 2 1150 39°26′239″ 39°42′920″ 6 7 68 129 7 78 80 550 0.40 HC 4 Creek 1 1157 39°43′553″ 39°35′056″ 2 2 36 127 9 74 50 310 0.30 Pfu, IB 5 Small water ditch 1 1157 39°43′822″ 39°35′216″ 2 2 18 2052 4 50 50 350 0.30 Pfu, IB, HI 6 Ekşisu pond 1443 39°36′935″ 39°43′910″ 2 4 03 234 1 74 1008 620 0.50 CC, CN, Csy, PO,CV 7 Beytahtı lake 1166 39°24′036″ 39°41′628″ 0 2 NA NA 1 24 1119 735 0.60 -8 Lakelet 1 1152 39°27′934″ 39°42′125″ 0 6 NA NA 0 60 41 3016 0.20 PZ, IB 9 Spring water 1 966 38°23′522″ 39°19′321″ 3 5 76 102 0 62 50 355 0.00 II, PO, IB 10 Çaltı stream 840 38°22′521″ 39°21′426″ 3 0 86 2005 1 75 600 355 39 EV 11 Irrigation canal 1 1425 38°23′656″ 39°17′890″ 3 5 32 192 1 83 45 302 0.20 CN, II, HI 12 Dilli creek 1409 38°22′902″ 39°13′630″ 3 9 01 231 1 84 38 232 0.20 IB 13 Creek 2 1530 38°23′157″ 39°13′030″ 3 2 14 2057 2 92 43 3074 0.20 -14 Subatan pond 1880 38°24′376″ 39°11′314″ 3 4 01 2059 3 02 11 815 0.10 HI 15 Keban dam lake 839 38°30′245″ 39°14′882″ 3 9 72 186 4 99 40 3010 0.20 -16 Small water ditch 2 1096 38°30′420″ 39°14′270″ 3 4 12 114 2 41 32 293 0.20 -17 Yeşilyurt creek 925 38°33′500″ 39°12′090″ 3 4 01 209 5 70 23 149 0.10 Pfu 18 Büyükyayla stream 1706 39°59′765″ 39°45′436″ 1 7 61 184 4 06 23 174 0.10 CN, PS 19 Spring water 2 1564 40°03′457″ 39°47′602″ 1 2 03 232 7 30 24 186 0.10 IB 20 Trough 1 1579 40°04′487″ 39°47′142″ 1 9 09 2091 0 89 25 192 0.10 CN, CA, PF 21 Center irrigation pond 1657 40°04′501″ 39°47′155″ 1 7 74 149 2 79 34 226 0.20 -22 Çamurdere stream 1509 39°59′663″ 39°50′296″ 1 8 88 183 4 14 60 430 0.20 CN, EV, Pfo, IB 23 Cennetpınar pond 1710 39°57′494″ 39°55′410″ 1 3 51 130 2 79 41 281 0.20 -24 Irrigation canal 2 1560 40°01′311″ 39°50′811″ 1 2 13 127 9 05 22 103 0.10 EL, Ibea 25 Borumun creek 1460 40°06′724″ 39°51′673″ 1 0 74 160 4 84 80 535 0.40 IB, HI 26 Acı lake 1449 40°11′116″ 39°47′388″ 0 2 79 260 0 17 2602 163 30 CN, HI 27 Creek 3 1215 39°51′218″ 39°36′237″ 4 0 88 2061 3 86 3 195 0.10 PS, IB, HI 28 Karacalar lakelet 1681 38°54′769″ 39°37′382″ 4 9 25 101 7 13 32 253 0.20 -29 Otluk lake 1708 39°54′694″ 39°37′502″ 4 2 47 132 8 68 47 3005 0.20 EV, Pfo 30 Spring water 3 1616 39°58′303″ 39°35′171″ 4 3 61 150 7 90 31 251 0.20 PF 31 Pelitli-Çamlıca creek 1420 39°57′189″ 39°35′363″ 4 2 69 157 4 49 60 445 0.30 -32 Han creek 1397 39°59′727″ 39°37′386″ 4 0 82 145 8 36 46 234 0.20 IB, HI 33 Gran lake 2668 39°56′022″ 39°40′320″ 4 2 5 182 4 32 14 71 0.10 -34 Geyik lake 2846 39°56′444″ 39°39′744″ 4 9 5 66 7 73 4 026 0.10 CS, Pvi 35 Trough 2 1554 39°56′200″ 39°36′488″ 9 8 18 200.53 7 86 1074 610 0.50 PF, IB, HI 36 Small water ditch 3 1600 39°56′200″ 39°36′490″ 9 0 79 130 0 18 90 660 0.50 EV, IB, HI 37 Pahnik stream 1220 39°44′376″ 39°41′782″ 2 8 21 2043 2 32 16 34 0.10 -38 Small water ditch 4 1209 39°43′627″ 39°39′696″ 2 5 29 197 5 70 30 295 0.20 EL, HI 39 Trough 3 1716 39°45′296″ 39°41′393″ 2 1 38 123 5 13 204 181 0.10 HI 40 Small water ditch 5 1311 39°48′102″ 39°39′196″ 2 0 73 165 6 84 304 151 0.10 -41 DSİ irrigation pond 1189 39°39′600″ 39°39′344″ 2 0 2 195 1 03 60 495 0.30 HI 42 Small water ditch 6 1561 38°48′122″ 39°51′445″ 4 8 77 138 5 55 41 206 0.20 Pfo 43 Small water ditch 7 1696 38°44′200″ 39°52′060″ 4 9 67 146 5 13 50 380 0.30 PF, IB, HI 44 Spring water 4 1880 38°44′542″ 39°50′025″ 4 2 33 142 6 80 50 325 0.30 IB 45 Büyük stream 1878 38°42′537″ 39°47′036″ 4 9 44 161 0 59 500 355 0.20 -46 Small water ditch 8 1683 38°51′487″ 39°48′665″ 4 9 59 156 2 09 130 9015 0.60 -47 Yurtbaşı HİS pond 1921 39°01′730″ 39°52′353″ 8 1 99 173 0 85 38 2027 0.20 HC 48 Güver creek 1925 38°57′097″ 39°52′654″ 8 0 64 190 9 47 26 129 0.10 CN, Pfu, IB 49 Kalkancı pond 1653 38°48′365″ 39°52′533″ 8 3 70 185 6 66 28 132 0.10 ID 50 Akarsu pond 1648 38°38′392″ 39°55′463″ 8 0 58 161 6 17 35 208 0.20 PF 51 Small water ditch 9 1498 38°26′719″ 39°55′076″ 8 5 69 192 1 19 180 1200 0.90 HI 52 Tuzlasuyu creek 1618 40°31′863″ 39°48′079″ 8 5 54 152 8 21 27 140 0.10 -53 Tercan dam lake 1465 40°25′724″ 39°45′959″ 8 7 90 189 7 64 308 2037 0.10 -54 Reed Bed 1409 40°22′254″ 39°46′613″ 8 8 38 173 2 0.87 41 272 0.20 CP, CV 55 Göktaş pond 1593 40°25′586″ 39°39′890″ 8 6 16 161 5 16 70 520 0.40 ID 56 Esenevler creek 1599 40°28′235″ 39°38′751″ 8 1 06 133 1 63 90 500 0.40 SF, CV, IB, HI 57 Irrigation canal 3 1553 40°35′809″ 39°37′255″ 8 7 46 154 9 54 80 550 0.40 II, Pfo, IB 58 Bağpınar creek 1444 40°16′965″ 39°43′408″ 8 2 63 167 7 66 50 300 0.30 EV, IB, HI 59 Gökçe creek 1413 40°15′031″ 39°46′785″ 8 8 24 200.63 3 30 130 845 0.70 IB, HI 60 Topalhasan creek 1444 40°21′353″ 39°16′896″ 8 4 63 194 5 14 70 441 0.40 -61 Karasu river 1043 39°02′008″ 39°36′543″ 0 7 61 144 2 79 50 375 0.30 -62 Small creek 1459 39°17′749″ 39°33′618″ 0 6 71 160 1 62 50 315 0.30 IB, HI 63 Small Ardos lake 1458 39°17′750″ 39°39′617″ 0 1 61 178 0 25 700 485 0.30 HB, CV, IB 64 Big Ardos lake 1493 39°18′108″ 39°39′858″ 0 3 82 145 9 00 50 381 0.30 -65 Kömür stream 1047 39°02′273″ 39°36′798″ 0 9 53 131 1 91 70 485 0.40 CV, LI 66 Dedek pond 1819 38°59′227″ 39°31′797″ 0 5 77 122 7 90 18 82 0.10 -67 Tanasur creek 1187 39°02′539″ 39°35′248″ 0 3 32 111 8 80 32 298 0.20 IB, HI 68 Spring water 5 1482 38°57′913″ 39°36′321″ 5 7 40 2084 1 80 38 282 0.20 PR, PF, IB 69 Small water ditch 10 1730 38°56′695″ 39°37′858″ 5 6 20 191 0 70 40 355 0.20 IB, HI 70 Trough 4 1100 38°54′184″ 39°34′418″ 5 7 62 139 4 75 23 164 0.10 IB, HI 71 Reed bed 1262 38°56′010″ 39°35′647″ 5 6 48 106 4 23 41 3066 0.20 IB, HI 72 Spring water 6 1795 39°58′950″ 39°57′933″ 2 5 26 2027 8 84 31 251 0.20 -73 Small lakelet 1809 39°58′034″ 39°58′104″ 2 7 16 2009 1 84 48 3077 0.20 PA, IB 74 Unnamed creek 1846 39°56′325″ 39°57′881″ 2 7 25 144 6 39 30 211 0.20 PF, IB 75 Çerkez spring water 1954 39°52′988″ 39°58′735″ 2 8 58 153 8 43 30 281 0.20 CN, PF, IB 76 Eleddin creek 1952 39°55′892″ 40°00′651″ 2 2 55 182 8 84 50 371 0.30 IB 77 Otlukbeli lake 1931 39°58′768″ 40°00′989″ 2 6 27 166 0 27 49 3068 0.20 CV 78 Yeniova creek 1789 39°59′222″ 39°58′738″ 2 7 38 144 8 27 60 470 0.30 FA, PA, Pfo, PR, PS, IB 79 Umurlu creek 1802 40°06′956″ 40°00′864″ 2 4 48 114 1 72 39 223 0.20 -80 Ağamçağam creek 1688 40°03′857″ 39°58′763″ 2 2 31 157 8 45 60 405 0.30 PF, IB 81 Acısu spring water 1138 38°33′740″ 39°35′212″ 0 8 04 378 0 93 23 124 10 PF, HI 82 Boyalık stream 1041 38°35′380″ 39°32′547″ 0 7 33 199 5 01 25 122 30 II, IB 83 İliç lakelet 1024 38°35′593″ 38°33′053″ 0 5 40 132 0 52 2476 16040 1.30 IB, HI 84 Spring water 5 918 38°33′997″ 39°31′180″ 0 7 76 284 3 54 2487 1655 1.30 -85 Karasu river 890 38°31′472″ 39°26′830″ 0 2 NA NA 9 28 47 215 0.20 -86 Bahçebağlar stream 889 38°30′772″ 39°26′896″ 0 4 NA NA 9 74 39 248 0.20 II 87 Kerar stream 895 38°31′537″ 39°27′361″ 0 0 NA NA 0 01 100 685 0.50 -88 Trough 5 906 38°34′635″ 39°28′732″ 0 4 NA NA 0 38 900 555 0.40 IB, HI 89 Yeşilyurt stream 904 38°35′585″ 39°28′741″ 0 5 NA NA 9 57 60 4030 0.30 -