Marine molluscs of the Turkish coasts: an updated checklist

This study presents the molluscan species diversity along the Turkish coasts. The compilation of the available references revealed a total of 1065 species belonging to 7 classes (Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda, and Cephalopoda). Most of the reported species belong to the class Gastropoda (706 species), followed by Bivalvia (279 species), Cephalopoda (50 species), Polyplacophora (17 species), Scaphopoda (10 species), Caudofoveata (2 species), and Solenogastres (1 species). Among the coasts of Turkey, the highest number of molluscan species was recorded from the Aegean Sea (825 species), followed by the Levantine Sea (807 species), Sea of Marmara (537 species), and the Black Sea (155 species). Of the 1065 mollusc taxa, 118 species are alien ones that originated outside the Mediterranean Sea. Among the listed species, Timoclea roemeriana (Bivalvia), and Sepiola ligulata and Abraliopsis morisii (both from Cephalopoda) are new records for the Turkish mollusc fauna, 11 species of the classes Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, and Bivalvia (Leptochiton boettgeri, Cerithium protractum, Similiphora similior, Cerithiopsis diadema, Rissoa guerinii, Crepidula moulinsii, Crepidula unguiformis, Bela zenetouae, Doto coronata, Lima marioni, and Limaria loscombi) are new reports for the Levantine coast of Turkey, and 2 gastropod species (Acirsa subdecussata and Monotygma lauta) are new reports for the Aegean coast of Turkey. Among the listed taxa, 27 species have been classified in the IUCN Red List or Barcelona/Bern Conventions.

Marine molluscs of the Turkish coasts: an updated checklist

This study presents the molluscan species diversity along the Turkish coasts. The compilation of the available references revealed a total of 1065 species belonging to 7 classes (Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda, and Cephalopoda). Most of the reported species belong to the class Gastropoda (706 species), followed by Bivalvia (279 species), Cephalopoda (50 species), Polyplacophora (17 species), Scaphopoda (10 species), Caudofoveata (2 species), and Solenogastres (1 species). Among the coasts of Turkey, the highest number of molluscan species was recorded from the Aegean Sea (825 species), followed by the Levantine Sea (807 species), Sea of Marmara (537 species), and the Black Sea (155 species). Of the 1065 mollusc taxa, 118 species are alien ones that originated outside the Mediterranean Sea. Among the listed species, Timoclea roemeriana (Bivalvia), and Sepiola ligulata and Abraliopsis morisii (both from Cephalopoda) are new records for the Turkish mollusc fauna, 11 species of the classes Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, and Bivalvia (Leptochiton boettgeri, Cerithium protractum, Similiphora similior, Cerithiopsis diadema, Rissoa guerinii, Crepidula moulinsii, Crepidula unguiformis, Bela zenetouae, Doto coronata, Lima marioni, and Limaria loscombi) are new reports for the Levantine coast of Turkey, and 2 gastropod species (Acirsa subdecussata and Monotygma lauta) are new reports for the Aegean coast of Turkey. Among the listed taxa, 27 species have been classified in the IUCN Red List or Barcelona/Bern Conventions.

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  • Remark POLYPLACOPHORA
  • Callochiton septemvalvis (Montagu, 1803)
  • (C. euplaea, Costa, O.G., 1829)
  • Tonicella rubra (Linnaeus, 1767) SM Demir (2003)
  • ? Chiton corallinus (Risso, 1826) AS Forbes (1844)
  • The species has no distribution in the Mediterranean Sea GASTROPODA
  • Patella rustica Linnaeus, 1758 SM Balkıs (1992)
  • ? Patella caerulea Linnaeus, 1758
  • Patella ulyssiponensis Gmelin, 1791 BS, SM Demir (2003)
  • ? Patella caerulea Linnaeus, 1758
  • Diodora ruppellii (Sowerby, G.B. I, 1835) SM Tortonese (1959)
  • The species has no distribution in the region
  • The species has no distribution at shallow depths. The
  • Puncturella noachina (Linnaeus, 1771)
  • Falakalı-Mutaf et al. (2007)photographed specimen by the authors is probably a
  • juvenile of the genus Diodora.
  • Ostroumoff (1896) Anatoma aspera (Philippi, 1844)
  • (Scissurella aspera Philippi, 1844)
  • Haliotis tuberculata tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758 SM
  • ? Anatoma crispata (Fleming 1828) Demir (2003)
  • H. tuberculata lamellosa Lamarck, 1822
  • Bogia labronica (Bogi, 1984) LS
  • Falakalı-Mutaf et al. (2007) The species has no distribution at shallow depths
  • Copulabyssia corrugata (Jeffreys, 1883) LS
  • Falakalı-Mutaf et al. (2007) The species has no distribution at shallow depths
  • Gibbula umbilicaris (Linnaeus, 1758) MS
  • Koutsoubas et al. (1997)
  • incorrect information Phorcus richardi (Payraudeau, 1826) MS
  • Koutsoubas et al. (1997)
  • Falakalı-Mutaf et al. (2007) Demir (1952, 2003)
  • ? Tricolia tenuis (Michaud, 1829)
  • Tricolia speciosa (Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1824) SM, Bosphorus
  • Mesalia varia (Kiener, 1844) AS Demir (2003) ? doubtful record
  • The species is mostly distributed along the Levantine coast ? doubtful record
  • Alvania corona Nordsieck, 1972 LS Demir (2003)
  • Onoba semicostata (Montagu, 1803) AS Demir (2003) ? doubtful record
  • Rissoa lilacina Récluz, 1843 AS Kocataş (1978)
  • ? Rissoa violacea Desmarest, 1814
  • Setia kuiperi (Verduin, 1984) AS ?
  • Setia lacourti (Verduin, 1984) SM Demir (2003) ?
  • Setia pulcherrima (Jeffreys, 1848) BS Çulha et al. (2010) van Aartsen and Kinzelbach (1990)
  • Öztürk et al. (1998)
  • Charonia lampas (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • ? Charonia variegata (Lamarck, 1816)
  • It had been probably mistaken for the other Caecum
  • species distributed in the region.
  • ? Hexaplex pecchiolianus (d’Ancona, 1871)
  • Hexaplex kusterianus (Tapparone-Canefri, 1875) LS Demir (2003)
  • Murex exigua (without author name)
  • Trophonopsis alboranensis (Smriglio, Mariottini & Bonfitto, 1997)
  • Trophonopsis barvicensis (Johnston, 1825) SM
  • Jakubova (1848) ? LS
  • Falakalı-Mutaf et al. (2007) The species has no distribution at shallow depths. SM, AS Demir (2003)
  • In the Atlantic Ocean only (Houart, 2001)
  • The species has no distribution along the European coasts (CLEMAM) ?
  • Cymbium olla (Linnaeus, 1758) LS Demir (2003)
  • Nassarius circumcinctus (Adams, A., 1852) AS Demir (2003) ? doubtful record
  • In the western Mediterranean only (Buzzurro and Russo, 2007)
  • Muricopsis cristata (Brocchi, 1814) (according to
  • Buzzurro and Russo, 2007) ? doubtful record
  • Clathromangelia strigilata Pallary, 1904 AS Demir (2003)
  • Mitromorpha cachiai Mifsud, 2001 LS
  • Falakalı-Mutaf et al. (2007) ? doubtful record
  • Mitromorpha mediterranea Mifsud, 2001
  • Falakalı-Mutaf et al. (2007) The photographed specimen seems as a juvenile of
  • Pisania striata, which is abundant at shallow depths.
  • Bela menkhorsti van Aartsen, 1988 LS
  • Falakalı-Mutaf et al. (2007) The photographed specimen is a juvenile of the genus Nassarius.
  • Propebela turricula (Montagu, 1803)
  • Mutlu and Ergev (2012) ? doubtful record
  • Raphitoma bofilliana (Sulliotti, 1889) AS Demir (2003) ?
  • Raphitoma contigua (Monterosato, 1884) SM Demir (2003) ?
  • Teretia anceps (Eichwald, 1830) SM Ostroumoff (1896)
  • ? Teretia teres (Reeve, 1844)
  • Most of the molluscs distributed along the Turkish
  • coasts inhabit the littoral biotopes at depths up to 100 m
  • and about 200 species were reported at depths over 200 m
  • (Table 1). Benthonella tenella, Odostomia silesui, Turbonilla
  • micans, Turbonilla paucistriata, Yoldiella striolata, and
  • Myrtea amorpha are some of the species with the deepest
  • distribution. There is also variation in the habitat preference
  • of the mollusc species, such as soft substrate, hard substrate
  • or, as is valid for most of the species, inhabiting both soft and hard substrata. Some of them, however, are parasite living (Pyramidellidae and Eulimidae) or pelagic species (Pteropoda, Cephalopoda).
  • Of the species listed in the Table 1, 118 taxa are alien
  • species that originated outside the Mediterranean Sea. In
  • a checklist published previously by Çınar et al. (2011), 104
  • alien species were reported from the Turkish coasts, of
  • which Hinemoa cylindrica and Murchisonella columna are
  • Since the last checklist by Çınar et al. (2011), 14 alien
  • mollusc species have been encountered in different studies
  • performed along the Turkish coasts and the total number
  • of alien species increased to 118 (Table 1), of which 111
  • species are known to be distributed along the Turkish
  • Levantine coast, followed by the Aegean coast of Turkey
  • (37 species) (Figure 5).
  • The report of mollusc species of the Turkish coasts
  • shows a sharp increase in the years 1880–1910 and
  • 1985–2014 (Figure 6). Forbes (1844), Colombo (1885),
  • and Ostroumoff (1894, 1896) are the authors with major
  • contributions to the former increasing, whereas, in the
  • second period, the studies by Kocataş (1978) in İzmir Bay,
  • van Aartsen and Kinzelbach (1990) at İztuzu (Aegean Sea),
  • Buzzurro and Greppi (1996) at Taşucu (Levantine coast),
  • and Demir (2003) along all the Turkish coasts, are the
  • works with significant contributions to the augmentation
  • of the number of species.
  • Regarding the studies concerning all the molluscs,
  • the number of species reported from the Turkish coasts
  • is shown in Figure 7. There are 14 grids with over 100
  • reported species. İskenderun Bay, Taşucu, and Fethiye Bay
  • Figure 5. The alien species according to the classes distributed along the Turkish coasts.
  • Figure 6. The number of reported mollusc species according to years and the authors
  • Among the molluscs listed from the Turkish coasts,
  • 27 species (Haliotis tuberculata lamellosa, Cerithium
  • vulgatum, Dendropoma petraeum, Erosaria spurca,
  • Luria lurida, Zonaria pyrum, Tonna galea, Ranella
  • olearium, Lithophaga lithophaga, Pinna nobilis, Pholas
  • dactylus, Eledone cirrhosa, Sepia officinalis, Sepia elegans,
  • As a result, owing to intensive studies performed along
  • the Turkish coasts in recent years, the number of mollusc species distributed along the Turkish coasts has increased from 745 species reported in the previous checklist by Öztürk and Çevik (2000) to 1065 species included in the present study.
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