Hacer Canan OKGERMAN, Cumhur Haldun YARDIMCI

Feeding ecology of vimba (Vimba vimba L., 1758) in terms of size groups and seasons in Lake Sapanca, northwestern Anatolia

The seasonal changes of diet in the guts of 298 vimbas (Vimba vimba L.) caught on a monthly basis in Lake Sapanca from August 2003 to July 2004 were analyzed. V. vimba fed on ostracods, gastropods, Dreissena polymorpha (mollusks), fish larvae, macrophytes, oligochaetes, chironomids, phytoplankton, and detritus. The gut fullness index (GFI) indicated that vimbas increased their feeding activity in summer and decreased it in winter. The correlation between GFI and temperature was significant (0.839, P < 0.01). The water temperature shift was one of the critical environmental factors affecting the feeding of vimbas in Lake Sapanca. The lowest similarity of diet composition was between the juvenile vimbas in autumn and the adult vimbas in spring (cluster analysis), while the highest similarity of diet composition was between adult individuals in autumn and winter (cluster analysis). In both size groups and in all seasons, the main food items were macrophytes, D. polymorpha, and phytoplankton (particularly bacillariophytes). Of animal food items, adult individuals fed mostly on D. polymorpha, while ostracods were consumed only by juvenile fish in spring, summer, and autumn. The benthic-omnivorous strategy of vimba is demonstrated by the high abundance of plant foods in their guts, confirming this mixed type of diet.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Vimba, Vimba vimba L., feeding ecology, benthic-omnivorous, Lake Sapanca

Feeding ecology of vimba (Vimba vimba L., 1758) in terms of size groups and seasons in Lake Sapanca, northwestern Anatolia

Keywords:

Vimba vimba L., feeding ecology, benthic-omnivorous, Lake Sapanca, Vimba,

PDF

___

APHA. 1985. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Aykulu, A., Albay, M., Akçaalan, R., Tüfekçi, H. and Aktan, Y. 200 Species composition, abundance and seasonality of phytoplankton in a moderately deep Turkish Lake. Nova Hedwigia 130: 325–338. Becer, Z.A. and İkiz, R. 2001. Some reproduction characteristics of vimba (Vimba vimba tenella (Nordmann, 1890)) population in Karacaören-1 Dam Lake. Turk Vet. Hay. Derg. 25: 111–117 (in Turkish).
Bubinas, A. and Vaitonis, G. 2003. The analysis of the structure, productivity and distribution of zoobenthocenoses in the Lithuanian economic zone of the Baltic Sea and the importance of some benthos species to fish diet. Acta Zool. Lituanica 13: 114–124.
Clarke, K.R. and Warwick, R.M. 1994. Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation. Plymouth Marine Laboratories, Plymouth, UK.
Crivelli, A.J. 1996. The Freshwater Fish Endemic to the Mediterranean Region: An Action Plan for Their Conservation. Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Arles.
Ekmekçi, F.G. and Erk’akan, F. 1992. Some of the growth and reproduction properties of Vimba vimba tenella (Nordmann, 1840) in Sarıyar Dam Lake. Doğa-Tr. J. of Zoology, 16: 323–341 (in Turkish).
Ermolin, V.P. and Shashulovskii, V.A. 2006. On the results of Vimba vimba (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) introduction in the Volgograd Reservoir. J of Ichthyol., 46(6): 487–489.
Froese, R. and Pauly, D. 2008. FishBase. World Wide Web Electronic Publication. Available at http://www.fishbase.org, September 200
Geldiay, R. and Balık, S. 2007. Freshwater fish in Turkey, Books Series, No. 97, Ege Unive Science Fac., İzmir (in Turkish).
Gürsoy, Ç. 2001. Size at maturity and fecundity of white breams (Blicca bjoerkna L. 1758) and Baltic vimba (Vimba vimba L. 1758) fish populations were investigated in Lake Sapanca. MSc, İstanbul University Natural Sciences Institute, İstanbul (in Turkish with English summary).
Horppila, J., Ruuhijärvi, J., Rask, M., Karppinen, C., Nyberg, K. and Olin, M. 2000. Seasonal changes in the diets and relative abundances of perch and roach in the littoral and pelagic zones of a large lake. J. Fish Biol. 56: 51–72.
Hyslop, E.J. 1980. Stomach contents analysis – a review of the food of fishes. J. Fish Biol. 17: 411–429.
Karabatak, M. and Okgerman, H. 2002. A preliminary study on the composition, population abundance, and length distribution of economic fish species in Lake Sapanca, Turkey. J. Fish and Aquat. Sci. 13: 81–88.
Koşal, S. 2002. Qualitative and quantitative seasonal change of benthic fauna of Sapanca Lake. MSc, İstanbul University Natural Sciences Institute, İstanbul (in Turkish with English summary).
Lessmark, O. 1983. The utilization of plant material for metabolism and growth by roach (Rutilus rutilus). In: Competition between perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) in south Swedish lakes. PhD, Lund University, Lund.
Lusk, S., Hanel, L. and Lusková, V. 2004. Red List of the ichthyofauna of the Czech Republic: development and present status. Folia Zool. 53: 215–226.
Macpherson, E. 1981. Resource partitioning in a Mediterranean demersal fish community. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 4: 183–193.
Mbahinzireki, G., Uiblein, F. and Winkler, H. 1991. Microhabitat selection of ostracods in relation to predation and food. Hydrobiologia 222: 115–119.
Molloy, D., Karatayev, Y.A., Burlakova, L.E., Kurandina, D.P. and Laruelle F. 1997. Natural enemies of zebra mussels: predators, parasites, and ecological competitors. Rev. Fish. Sci. 5(1): 27–
Okach, J.I.O. and Dadzie, S. 1988. The food, feeding habits, and distribution of a siluroid catfish, Bagrus docmac (Forsskal) in Kenya waters of Lake Victoria. J. Fish Biol. 32: 85–94.
Okgerman, H., Elp, M. and Yardımcı, C.H. 2011. Growth, the lengthweight relationship, and reproduction in vimba (Vimba vimba L. 1758) sampled from an oligo-mesotrophic lake in northwest Anatolia (Turkey). Turk. J. Zool. 35(1): 87–96.
Parsons, T.R., Mata, Y. and Lalli, C.M. 1984. A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis. Pergamon, Oxford, UK.
Podgornov, V.S. 1973. Feeding of adult vimba and Danube bleak in natural reservoirs and during long-standing exposure in ponds. Proc. Kaliningrad Tech. Inst. Fish. 44: 61–69.
Prejs, A. and Jackowska, H. 1978. Lake macrophytes and the food of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) and rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L.) I. Species composition and dominance relations in the lake and food. Ekol. Pol. 26: 429–438.
Rahe, R. and Worthmann, H. 1986. Marmara Region Internal Fishery Products Development Project. PN 78- 2032.7 Eschborn, 145 pp. (in Turkish).
Rask, M. 1989. A note on the diet of roach, Rutilus rutilus L., and other cyprinids at Tvärminne, northern Baltic Sea. Aqua Fennica 19: 19–27.
Schiemer, F. and Spindler, T. 1989. Endangered fish species of the Danube River in Austria. Regul. Rivers Res. Manage. 4: 397– 40
Shannon, C.E. and Weaver, W. 1963. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL, USA. Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J. 1987. Introduction to Biostatistics. 2nd ed. Freeman, New York.
Stakonas, S. 2002. Habitat use of 0 + fish communities in rivers of Lithuania. Acta Zool. Lituanica 12: 18–29.
Tutucu, S. 2002. Investigation of some biological characteristics of vimba (Vimba vimba tenella (Nordmann, 1840)) in the Kirmir Stream of the Sakarya River. MSc, Gazi University Natural Sciences Institute, Ankara. (in Turkish with English summary). Uiblein, F. and Winkler, H. 1988. Der Nahrungserwerb der mondseeZährte. Sitzber. Österr Akad Wiss math-naturw. 196: 311–322 (in German).
Wielgosz, S. and Tadajewska, M. 1988. Factors determining diet composition of food availability for bream Abramis brama (L.) and silver bream Blicca bjoerkna (L.) in Wìocìawek Dam Reservoir. Acta Ichth. Et. Pisc. 18: 79–100.
Witkowski, A., Błachuta, J., Kusznierz, J. and Kotusz, J. 1999. The Red Data List of freshwater lampreys and fishes in Poland. Chrońmy Przyrode Ojczysta 55: 5–19.