Jun-Jun YU, Bao-Tao LIU, Shi-Kai SUN, Li CHEN

Residue depletion of sarafloxacin in black-bone silky fowl tissues after oral administration

In this study, the residue depletion of sarafloxacin in black-bone silky fowl (BSF) was studied after oral doses of sarafloxacin (10 mg/kg BW for 7 consecutive days). Muscle and liver tissues were collected at differentwithdrawal periods and determined by HPLC-MS/ MS method. The limit of detection for sarafloxacin was 1.0 μg/kg, and the recoveries from blank fortified samples were 93.53%~108.47% with coefficients of variation less than 9.28%. At first day after ending sarafloxacin treatment, the mean concentrations of sarafloxacin in muscle and liver were 366.88 ± 129.51 and 120.35 ± 46.86 μg/kg, respectively, higher than their maximum residue limits (10 μg/kg for muscle, 80 μg/kg for liver). Notably, the sarafloxacin concentrations in muscle depleted very slowlyand were still up to 45.46 ± 12.94 μg/ kg at 43.25 days after the last administration. Interestingly, the sarafloxacin concentrations in both tissues increased into peak values at 21 days. In addition, the withdrawal time of sarafloxacinin BSFs should be 93 days as calculated in this study, significantly longer than that (0 day) in common broiler chickens. Therefore, our study provides data for a more prudent use of sarafloxacin in BSFs and suggests a withdrawal time of 93 days was necessary to guarantee safety in BSFs for the consumers.

PDF

___

1. Choi JH, Na TW, Mamun MI, Abd El-Aty AM, Shin EH et al. Bufferized solvent extraction and HPLC fluorometric detection method for sarafloxacin in pig and chicken muscles. Biomedical Chromatography 2011; 25 (3): 405-411. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1463
2. Rodriguez Caceres MI, Guiberteau Cabanillas A, Galeano Diaz T, Martinez Canas MA. Simultaneous determination of quinolones for veterinary use by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Journal Chromatography B 2010; 878 (3-4): 398-402. doi: 10.1016/j. jchromb.2009.12.012
3. Sukul P, Lamshoft M, Kusari S, Zuhlke S, Spiteller M. Metabolism and excretion kinetics of 14C-labeled and nonlabeled difloxacin in pigs after oral administration, and antimicrobial activity of manure containing difloxacin and its metabolites. EnvironmentalResearch 2009; 109 (3): 225-231. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.12.007
4. Qiu YS, Cao JY, Wang DJ, Yan HC, Ling S et al. Tissue residues of sarafloxacin hydrochloride in broiler chickens. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science 2001; 21 (5): 515-518 (in Chinese with an abstract in English).
5. Ho SP, Cheng CF, Wang WS. Pharmacokinetic and depletion studies of sarafloxacin after oral administration to eel (Anguilla anguilla). Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 1999; 61 (5): 459-463.
6. Maxwell RJ, Cohen E, Donoghue DJ. Determination of sarafloxacin residues in fortified and incurred eggs using online microdialysis and HPLC/programmable fluorescence detection. Journal of Agricultral Food Chemistry 1999; 47 (4): 1563-1567.
7. Chu PS, Donoghue DJ, Shaikh B. Determination of total 14C residues of sarafloxacin in eggs of laying hens. Journal of Agricultral Food Chemistry 2000; 48 (12): 6409-6411.
8. Chaowana R, Bunkoed O. A nanocomposite probe of polydopamine/molecularly imprinted polymer/quantum dots for trace sarafloxacin detection in chicken meat. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2019. doi: 10.1007/s00216-019- 01993-x
9. Liu YZ, Zhao GX, Wang P, Liu J, Zhang HC et al. Production of the broad specific monoclonal antibody against sarafloxacin for rapid immunoscreening of 12 fluoroquinolones in meat. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B 2013; 48 (2): 139-146. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2013.727668
10. Wong GK, Liu B, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yang X et al. A genetic variation map for chicken with 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Nature 2004; 432 (7018): 717-722. doi: 10.1038/nature03156
11. Tian Y, Xie M, Wang W, Wu H, Fu Z et al. Determination of carnosine in Black-Bone Silky Fowl ( Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson) and common chicken by HPLC. European Food Research & Technology 2007; 226 (1-2): 311.
12. Pang GF. Analytical Techniques for Multi-Classes of Veterinary Drug Residues. 1st ed. Beijing, China: Science Press; 2016.
13. Janusch F, Scherz G, Mohring SA, Hamscher G. Determination of fluoroquinolones in chicken feces-a new liquid-liquid extraction method combined with LC-MS/MS. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 2014; 38 (3): 792-799. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.09.011
14. Yamaoka K, Nakagawa T, Uno T. Application of Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) in the evaluation of linear pharmacokinetic equations. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics 1978; 6 (2): 165-175.
15. Martinsen B, Horsberg TE. Comparative single-dose pharmacokinetics of four quinolones, oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and enrofloxacin, in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) held in seawater at 10 degrees C. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1995; 39 (5): 1059-1064. doi: 10.1128/aac.39.5.1059
16. Fang X, Zhou J, Liu X. Pharmacokinetics of sarafloxacin in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 2016; 42 (1): 335-341. doi: 10.1007/s10695-015-0141-y
17. Ding HZ, Zeng ZL, Fung KF, Chen ZL, Qiao GL. Pharmacokinetics of sarafloxacin in pigs and broilers following intravenous, intramuscular, and oral single-dose applications. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2001; 24 (5): 303-308.
18. Lin H, Fang B, Yuan Z, Zhan S, Liu X. Studies on residues of ofloxacin in black-bone silky fowl. Guangdong Animal Husbandry Veterinary Medicine Science 2012; 37 (4): 33-36 (in Chinese with an abstract in English).
19. Tu YG, Xie MY, Sun YZ, Tian YG. Structural characterization of melanin from Black-bone silky fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson). Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research 2009; 22 (1): 134-136. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00529.x
20. Muroya S, Tanabe R, Nakajima I, Chikuni K. Molecular characteristics and site specific distribution of the pigment of the silky fowl. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 2000; 62 (4): 391-395. doi: 10.1292/jvms.62.391
21. Ono C, Tanaka M. Binding characteristics of fluoroquinolones to synthetic levodopa melanin. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2003; 55 (8): 1127-1133. doi: 10.1211/002235703322277168
22. Hansen MK, Ingebrigtsen K, Hayton WL, Horsberg TE. Disposition of 14C-flumequine in eel Anguilla anguilla, turbot Scophthalmus maximus and halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus after oral and intravenous administration. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2001; 47 (3): 183-191. doi: 10.3354/dao047183
23. Knorle R, Schniz E, Feuerstein TJ. Drug accumulation in melanin: an affinity chromatographic study. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 1998; 714 (2): 171-179.
24. Howells L, Godfrey M, Sauer MJ. Melanin as an adsorbent for drug residues. Analyst 1994; 119 (12): 2691-2693.
25. Salazar-Bookaman MM, Wainer I, Patil PN. Relevance of drugmelanin interactions to ocular pharmacology and toxicology. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1994; 10 (1): 217-239.
26. Bergsjo T, Nafstad I, Ingebrigtsen K. The distribution of 35S-sulfadiazine and 14C-trimethoprim in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 1979; 20 (1): 25-37.
27. Products CfVM. Note for guidance: Approach towards harmonization of withdrawal periods. EMEA/CVMP/036/95/ FINAL. European Medicines Agency for the Evaluation of Medicine Products, London, UK: European Medicines Agency; 1996.