Muhsin ÖZTÜRK, Kifayet Oya KAHVECİOĞLU, Ermiş ÖZKAN, Vedat ONAR, Abu Bakar SIDDIQ

Morphometric analysis of the skulls of domestic cattle (Bos taurus L.) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) in Turkey

A total of 20 domestic cattle (Bos taurus L.) and 15 water buffalo (Bubalis bubalis L.) skulls were analyzed in this study. All ofthe specimens belonged to female individuals. Using a total of 27 craniometric measurements from each of the skulls, 9 indices werecalculated. Although there were statistically significant differences between the linear measurements of the skulls of both species, whilecalculating the indices with their ratios, the values of the measurements of the facial area were determinative in the craniology. Amongthese indices, the facial index 1 value was statistically significant (P < 0.01) in the comparison of these two species. On the other hand,while considering the orbit and foramen magnum measurements, in contrast with the transversal measurement, the height was moredeterminant for their index and form.

PDF

___

1. Bartosiewicz L. Relationships between the cranial measurements of cattle. OSSA 1980; 7: 3-17.
2. Felius M, Koolmees PA, Theunissen B, European Cattle Genetic Diversity Consortium, Lenstra JA. On the breeds of cattle - historic and current classifications. Diversity 2011; 3 (4): 660-692. doi: 10.3390/d3040660
3. Wilckens M. The Cattle Breeds of Central Europe, Vienna, Austria: Wilhelm Braumüller; 1876 (in German).
4. Rütimeyer L. Attempt of a Natural History of the Bovine, in its Common Relationships with Ruminants. Zürich, Switzerland; 1867 (in German).
5. Nathusius H. Lectures on the Knowledge of Livestock and Breeds. Berlin, Germany: Wiegand & Hempel; 1872 (in German).
6. Grigson C. The craniology and relationships of four species of Bos 1. Basic craniology: Bos taurus L. and its absolute size. Journal of Archaeological Science 1974; 1 (4): 353-379. doi: 10.1016/0305-4403(74)90053-3
7. Rajathi S. Morphometric measurements of the skull of the cross bred cattle of Tirunelveli district with reference to anatomical landmarks. Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research 2015; 44 (2): 116-119.
8. Hornsveld M. The osteology of the cranial and facial bones of the savannah buffalo Syncerus caffer caffer (Sparrman, 1779). PhD, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 2002.
9. Nishida T, Hayashi Y, Lee CS, Cho YJ, Hashiguchi T et al. Measurement of the skull of native cattle in Korea. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 1983; 45 (4): 537-541.
10. Atasever S, Erdem H. Water buffalo raising and its future in Turkey. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 2008; 23 (1): 59-64 (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
11. MacGregor R. The domestic buffalo. Veterinary Record 1941; 53: 443-450.
12. Sarıözkan S. The importance of water buffalo breeding in Turkey. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 2011; 17: 163-166 (in Turkish with an abstract in English) doi: 10.9775/kvfd.2010.2446
13. Soysal İ, Kök S, Gürcan EK. An investigation on the distribution in erythrocytes potassium polymorphisms in buffaloes. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 2005; 2 (2): 189- 193 (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
14. Grigson C. The craniology and relationships of four species of Bos II. Basic craniology: Bos taurus L. proportions and angles. Journal of Archaeological Science 1975; 2 (2): 109-128. doi: 10.1016/0305-4403(75)90030-8
15. Grigson C. The craniology and relationships of four species of Bos 3. Basic craniology: Bos taurus L. sagittal profiles and other non-measurable characters. Journal of Archaeological Science 1976; 3 (2): 115-136. doi: 10.1016/0305-4403(76)90080-7
16. Grigson C. The craniology and relationships of four species of Bos: 4. The relationship between Bos primigenius Boj. and B. taurus L. and its implications for the phylogeny of the domestic breeds. Journal of Archaeological Science 1978; 5 (2): 123-152. doi: 10.1016/0305-4403(78)90028-6
17. Grigson C. The craniology and relationships of four species of Bos 5. Bos iudicus L. Journal of Archaeological Science 1980; 7 (1): 3-32. doi: 10.1016/S0305-4403(80)80003-3
18. Guintard C, Betti E, Thorin C, Antonot P. Craniometric study on the cattle of Amsterdam Island: modeling of the sexual dimorphism. Revue d’Archéométrie 2001; 25: 157-177 (in French with an abstract in English).
19. Guintard C. Primigene (or primigenius) cornea, characteristics, variability and interest for aurochs reconstituted. Revue de Paléobiologie 2005; 10: 259-269 (in French with an abstract in English).
20. Kalita A, Sarma M, Talukdar M, Saikia M, Goswami RN. Study in swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Indian Journal of Animal Research 2003; 37: 77-78.
21. Peters J. Osteomorphological features of the appendicular skeleton of African buffalo, Syncerus caffer (Sparrman, 1779) and of domestic cattle, Bos primigenius f. taurus Bojanus, 1827. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 1988; 53: 108-123.
22. Duerst JV. Comparative research methods on the mammal skeletons. Abderhaldens Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden 1930; 7: 125-530 (in German).
23. Bökönyi S. Zebus and Indian wild cattle. Anthropozoologica 1998; 25-26: 647-654.
24. Bartosiewicz L. Changes in skull proportions of cattle during ontogeny. OSSA 1980; 7: 19-31.
25. Barker JSF. Water buffalo: domestication. In: Smith C (editor). Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. New York, NY, USA: Springer; 2014, pp. 7694-7697.
26. Toparslan E, Mercan L. Molecular studies in populations of native buffalo in Turkey. Academia Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences ICAE 2018 Special Issue: 146-147 (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
27. von den Driesch A. A Guide to the Measurement of the Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Peabody Museum Bulletin 1. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University; 1976.
28. Deniz E. Stable anatomical differences between the head skeletons in native buffalo and native cattle. PhD, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey, 1960 (in Turkish).
29. Kamel HSH, El Din S, Moustafa M. A detailed description of the skull of the Egyptian buffalo, Bos (Bubalus) bubalis L. with a comparative study of that of the cow. Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A 1966; 13: 746-752.
30. Kumar S, Nagarajan M, Sandhu JS, Kumar N, Behl V. Phylogeography and domestication of Indian river buffalo. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007; 7: 186. doi: 10.1186/1471- 2148-7-186
31. Monfared AL. Craniometrical and gross anatomical studies on the skull of the Iranian buffaloes and their clinical value for regional anesthesia. Global Veterinaria 2013; 10 (4): 427-431. doi: 10.5829/idosi.gv.2013.10.4.7280