Immuno-histopathologic lesions in organs other than the thymus and bone marrov during the course of experimentally-induced chicken infectious anaemia (CIA) disease
Tavuk Enfeksiyöz Anemi, tavukçuluk yapılan değişik bölgelerde var olan, her yaşta tavuğun duyarlı olduğu, aplastik anemi, kemik iliği ve timusta atrofi ile karakterize viral bir enfeksiyondur. İlk olarak teşhis edildiği 1979 yılından beri, enfeksiyona ilgili olarak çok sayıda çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmaların çoğunda klinik bulgular veya timus ve kemik iliğinde meydana gelen değişimler üzerinde durulmuştur. Hastalıkta kemik iliği ve timus dışındaki organlarda gelişen lezyonlara ilgili sınırlı çalışma vardır. Bu çalışmada, deneysel olarak Enfeksiyöz Tavuk Anemisi Virüsü'nün Cux-l türü ile enfekte edilen 1 günlük yaştaki SPF civcivlerde, timus ve kemik iliği dışındaki organlarda gelişen histopatolojik lezyonların ve StreptAvidin-biyotin peroksidaz yöntemi ile boyanıp, antijen yoğunluklarının tespiti amaçlandı. Bu amaçla 71 SPF beyaz Leghorn civciv kullanıldı. Bu civcivlerin 52’sine 1 günlük yaşta intramuskuler yolla CAV’nın TCID50 = 100.000 / ml olan Cux-l suşundan 0,5 ml inokule edilerek deney grubu olarak ayrıldı, 19 adedi herhangi bir uygulamaya tabi tutulmaksızın kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. Yetmişbir civciv deney planına göre belirtilen günlerde sakrifiye edildi ve nekropsileri yapıldı. Nekropsilerde bursa Fabricius, dalak, sekal tonsiller, karaciger, böbrek, pankreas, duodenum, ince ve kalın bağısak, proventrikulus, akciğer kalp, trakhea, özefagus, beyin ve beyincikten doku örnekleri alınıp bunlar %10’luk tamponlu formol saline solüsyonunda tespit edildi ve hazırlanan preperatlar ışık mikroskobunda incelendi. Bu organlarda herhangi bir histopatolojik lezyon saptanmamasına ragmen, virus inokulasyonundan sonraki 7. günden itibaren bursa Fabricius, dalak, sekal tonsiller, akciğer ve proventrikülus gibi organlarda antijen spesifik boyanmalar saptandı. Saptanan bulgulara bağlı olarak, çoğu çalışmalarda timus ve kemik iliğine yerleştiği ve orada lezyonlar oluşturduğu bildirilen tavuk anemi virusunun, enfeksiyonlar sırasında bu iki organ dışındaki organlara gittiği ve oralarda tipik mikroskobik lezyonlar oluşturmasa da özelikle lenfositleri enfekte ettikleri ortaya konuldu.
Tavuklarda deneysel oluşturulan enfeksiyöz tavuk anemisi hastalığında timus ve kemik iliği dışındaki organlarda immunohistopatolojik lezyonlar
Chicken Infectious Anemia (CIA) is present in various regions of the world in which poultry husbandry is common and birds of any age are susceptible. CIA is a viral infection characterized by aplastic anemia and is accompanied by atrophy of the thymus and bone marrow. This condition was first diagnosed in 1979 and since then a large number of investigations have been undertaken in order to characterize and further understand the pathology of this infection. Most of these studies emphasized either clinical findings or physiological transformation of the thymus and bone marrow. There are a limited number of studies that investigated the lesions in organs other than the bone marrow and thymus. The objective of the present study was to examine the histopathologic lesions that develop in organs other than the thymus and bone marrow of 1-day-old chickens intramuscularly infected with the chicken anemia virus (CAV) and to detect the antigen density with the streptavidin-biotin immuno-peroxidase staining technique. Seventy-one 1-day-old SPF quality white Leghorn chickens, acquired from the Manisa Poultry Diseases Research Institute, were used in this study. On day 1 of the study, 52 of these chickens were injected intramuscularly with 0.5 ml TCID50:100,000 CAVs (Cux-1 strain). The remaining 19 chickens were kept in a separate facility as a control group. Necropsies were performed immediately after the chickens were sacrificed. Sampling occurred on the days defined by the experimental study protocol. Organ samples were taken from each animal's bursa of Fabricius, cecal tonsils, spleen, liver, kidneys, pancreas, large and small intestines, proventriculus, lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, brain, and cerebellum. These samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution. Despite the antigenic-specific stains observed in different organ samples, such as the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, lung, intestine, cecal tonsils, and glandular stomach after the seventh day of inoculation, no significant microscopic lesions were found in any of these organs. The findings of the present study show that CAV did not cause any typical microscopic lesions in the organs we studied (organs other than the thymus and bone marrow), unlike previous reports of CAV settling in the thymus and bone marrow causing lesions to transfers to other organs; however, they did become infected with the virus, especially lymphocytes.
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