Gross responses and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and minerals in broiler chicken fed vegetable-based starter diets supplemented with microbial enzymes
Gross responses and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and minerals in broiler chicken fed vegetable-based starter diets supplemented with microbial enzymes
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of diet and exogenous enzymes on growth responses and micronutrient digestibility of broilers.Day-old broilers (n = 256) were distributed into a 2 × 2 factorial design and were fed on two basal diets: soybean (T1) or canola (T2) meals as such, or supplemented with enzymes up to 21 days. Feed intake (FI) and live weight (LW) to 21 days on the T2 diet was higher (P < 0.001) than that on T1. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better (P < 0.01) on T1 than on T2 at 21 days. Enzymes generally improved (P < 0.001) FI, FCR, and LW. The digestibility of histidine was higher (P < 0.05) on T2, but lysine digestibility was higher (P < 0.01) on T1 at 21 days. Histidine, threonine, lysine, valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine digestibility was improved (P < 0.05) in the supplemented diets. Mineral digestibility was unaffected (P > 0.05) by diet, but enzymes increased (P < 0.05) digestibility of P, K, Mn, and Cu at 21 days. The digestibility of Cu, Zn, and Mg was higher (P < 0.05) on T2, whereas Ca digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) on the T1 diet. Broilers growth responded positively to enzyme diets, probably due to improvement in nutrient digestibility.
___
- 1. Hossain MA, Islam AF, Iji PA. Performance of broiler chickens fed diets based on all-vegetable ingredients. In: Proceedings on Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition, University of New England, Australia; 2011. pp. 99-100.
- 2. CEC. Council Regulation 2000/766 concerning certain protection measures with regard to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and the feeding of animal protein. Off J Eur Comm 2000; 43: 32-33.
- 3. FAO. Protein Sources for the Animal Feed Industry. FAO: Rome, Italy; 2002.4. Meng X, Slominiski BA, Nyachoti CM, Campbell LD, Guenter W. Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by combination of carbohydrase enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and broiler chickens performance. Poultry Sci 2005; 84: 37-47.
- 5. Hossain MA, Islam AF, Iji PA. Impact of exogenous enzymes on micronutrient digestibility, tissue protein contents, and internal enzyme activities of broilers fed on all-vegetable diets. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Poultry Show and Seminar, WPSA-BB, Bangladesh; 2013. pp. 135-141.
- 6. Leeson S, Summers JD. Nutrition of the Chicken. 4th ed. Guelph, Canada: University Book Publishing; 2001. pp. 545-573.7. Al-Kaiesy MT, Abdul-Kader HA, Mohammad MH, Saeed AH. Effect of gamma radiation on anti-nutritional factors in broad bean. Rad Phy Chem 2003; 67: 493-496.
- 8. Maenz DD, Classen HL. Phytase activity in the small intestine brush border membrane of the chicken. Poultry Sci 1998; 77: 557-563.
- 9. Ravindran V, Sands JS, Hruby M, Partridge GG. Influence of phyzyme tm XP phytase on nutrient utilization in broilers fed diets containing graded levels of phytate. In: Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium, Sydney, Australia; 2005. pp. 238-241.
- 10. Troche C, Sun X, McElroy AP, Remus J, Novak CL. Supplementation of Avizyme 1502 to corn-soybean meal-wheat diets fed to turkey tom poults: the first fifty-six days of age. Poultry Sci 2007; 86: 496-502.
- 11. Ravindran V, Cabahug S, Ravindran G, Selle PH, Bryden WL. Response of broiler chickens to microbial phytase supplementation as influenced by dietary phytic acid and non-phytate phosphorus levels. II. Effects on nutrient digestibility and retention. Brit Poultry Sci 2000; 41: 193-200.
- 12. Selle PH, Ravindran V, Pittolo PH, and Bryden WL. Effects of phytase supplementation of diets with two tiers of nutrient specifications on growth performance and protein efficiency ratios of broiler chickens. Asian Austral J Anim 2003; 16: 1158-1164.
- 13. Hossain MA, Islam AF, Iji PA. Impact of microbial enzymes on growth performance, micro-nutrient digestibility, tissue protein contents and endogenous enzyme activities of broiler chickens fed on vegetable protein diets. International Journal of Poultry Science 2014; 13: 555-561.
- 14. Anderson DL, Henderson LJ. Sealed chamber digestion for plant nutrient analysis. Agron J 1986; 78: 937-938.15. Short FJ, Gorton P, Wiseman J, Boorman KN. Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1996; 59: 215-221.
- 16. Hossain MA, Islam AF, Iji PA. Energy utilization and performance of broiler chickens raised on diets with vegetable proteins or conventional feeds. Asian Journal of Poultry Science 2012; 6: 117-128.
- 17. Hossain MA, Islam AF, Iji PA. Growth responses, excreta quality, nutrient digestibility, bone development and meat yield traits of broiler chickens fed on vegetable or animal protein diets. S Afr J Anim Sci 2013; 43: 208-218.
- 18. Shrivastava H P, Sadagopan VR, Johri TS, Chand S. Sunflower seed meal for poultry-a review. Indian Poultry Gazette 1981; 65: 100-112.
- 19. Larbier ML. Metabolism of water and minerals. In: Larbier ML, editor. Nutrition and Feeding of Poultry. Nottingham, UK: Nottingham University Press; 1992. pp. 101-118.
- 20. Peng YL, Guo YM, Yuam JM. Effects of microbial phytase replacing partial inorganic phosphorus supplementation and xylanase on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler fed wheat-based diets. Asian Austral J Anim 2003; 16: 239-247.
- 21. Cowieson AJ, Ravindran V. Effect of exogenous enzymes in maize-based diets varying in nutrient density for young broilers: growth performance and digestibility of energy, minerals and amino acids. Brit Poultry Sci 2008; 49: 37-44.
- 22. Le Goff G, Noblet J. Comparative digestibility of dietary energy and nutrients in growing pigs and adult sows. J Anim Sci 2001; 79: 2418-2427.
- 23. Zanella I, Sakomura NK, Silversides FG, Fiqueirdo A, Pack M. Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans. Poultry Sci 1999; 78: 561-568.
- 24. Colombatto D, Beauchemin KA. A protease additive increases fermentation of alfalfa diets by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro. J Anim Sci 2009; 87: 1097-1105.
- 25. Wyatt CL. Enzyme products to improve energy and protein utilization from poultry diets. In: Proceedings of the Pacific North Animal Nutrition Conference; 1992. p. 11.
- 26. Freitas DM, Vieira SL, Angel CR, Favero A, Maiorka A. Performance and nutrient utilization of broilers fed diets supplemented with a novel mono-component protease. J Appl Poultry Res 2011; 20: 322-334.
- 27.Classen HL, Bedford MR. The use of enzymes to improve the nutritive value of poultry feeds. In: Wiseman J, Garnsworthy PC, editors. Recent Development in Poultry Nutrition 2. Nottingham, UK: Nottingham University Press, 1999. pp. 285-308.
- 28. Thompson LU, Yoon JH. Starch digestibility as affected by polyphenol and phytic acid. J Food Sci 1984; 49: 1228-1229.
- 29. Cowieson JA. Factors that affect the nutritional value of maize for broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2005;119: 293-305.
- 30. Pirgozliev V, Bedford MR, Acamovic T, Mares P, Allymehr M. The effects of supplementary bacterial phytase on dietary energy and total tract amino acid digestibility when fed to young chickens. Brit Poultry Sci 2011; 52: 245-254.