Farklı kalsiyum düzeyleri ve anyonların broylerlerde kan Asit-Baz dengesi, besi performansı ve tibial diskondroplazi oluşumuna etkisi

Effects of various calcium levels and anionic slats on blood acid-base balance, growth performance and development of tibial dyscondroplasia in broilers

The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of chlorine and phosphate salts in the diet, and 2 different levels of diet Ca,on the acid-based balance,growth performance and development of tibial dyscondroplasia (TD)in broiler chicks. Three hundred Ross X PM3, 1-day-old broiler chicks were used during the 5-week trial.Chicks were divided into 6 groups. Three groups (2 experimental and 1 control)were given diets with Ca levels near the bottom limit of the normal requirement (starter 0.90%and grower 0.80%)and 3 groups (2 experimental and one control)were given diets with higher Ca levels (starter 1.25%and grower 1.15%). No anionic salt was added to 1 of the diets,while the other 2 were supplemented with 100 meq/kg DM $CaCl_{2}$ .2$H_{2}$O or Ca$HPO_{4}$ .2$H_{2}$O. All the chicks were weighed individually at the beginning of the trial and once per week from then on.Weekly feed consumption of the chicks was recorded. At the end of the 3rd and 5th weeks,from each group 10 chicks were randomly selected and blood samples collected in order to determine the blood pH,p$CO_{2}$ ,$HCO_{3}^{-}$ and $N^{+}$ , $K^{+}$ and Cl- levels. A blood gas measurement device was used for this purpose. Subsequently, the right and left tibias were removed in order to check for TD and determine bone ash levels,respectively. The results of the trial indicated that the live weight gain of chicks on a lower Ca diet,except group 2 which was supplemented with Cl,was higher than that of chicks on a higher Ca diet.Cl reduced and PO 4 increased the live weight gain of chicks (P

PDF

___

1. Guyton, A.C. Böbrekler ve Vücut S›v›lar›. Fizyoloji, Kazanc›gil, A. Ed., Güven Kitabevi Yay›nlar› 1978; Cilt II, sayfa 3-186.
2. Robinson, N. Acid-Base Homeostasis. In: Cunningham, J.G. ed. Textbook of Veterinary Physiology, 2nd Ed., WB. Saunders Company, New York, 1997; 621-633.
3. Yaman, K. Fizyoloji, Uludağ Üniversitesi Güçlendirme Vakfı Yayın No. 83, Uludağ Üniv. Basımevi-Bursa, 1993.
4. Ergün, A. Kanatlı Hayvan Yemlerinde Sodyum Bikarbonat Kullanılması. Hayvan Beslemede Sodyum Bikarbonat Sempozyumu. Türkiye Şişe ve Cam Fabrikaları A.Ş. 1992; 61-69.
5. Jordan, F.T.W. Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System. In: Poultry Diseases. 3rd ed., Bailliere Tindall, 1990; 255-283.
6. Edwards, H.M. Effect of dietary calcium, phosphorus, chloride, and zeolite on the development of tibial diyschondroplasia. Poultry Sci. 1988; 67: 1436-1446.
7. Edwards, H.M. Nutritional factors and leg disorders. Proceedings of the 1992 Poultry Science Symposium, 1992; 167-193.
8. National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Revised. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1994; 13 + 155.
9. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis, 9th ed., Association of Official Agricultural Chemist, Washigton, D.C. 1960.
10. Şenel, H.S. Interrelationship and effects of calcium and vitamin D on growth, feed eff›ciency and bone ash of weanling rats. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Dergisi, Ankara Üniv. Basımevi, 1968; cilt: 15, No. 1.
11. Edwards, H.M., Veltmann. The role of calcium and phosphorus in the etiology of tibial dyscondroplasia in young chicks. J. Nutr. 1983; 113: 1568-1575.
12. Luna, L.G. Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Third ed., Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, New York-Toronto, 1968.
13. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. Statistical Methods, Seventh ed., The Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa, 1980.
14. Junqueira, O.M., Miles, R.D., Harms, R.H. Interrelationship between phosphorus, sodium, and chloride in the diet of laying hens. Poultry Sci. 1984; 63: 1229 - 1236.
15. Junqueira, O.M., Costa, P.T., Miles, R.D., Harms, R.H. Interrelationship between choloride, sodium bicarbonate, calcium and phosphorus in laying hen diets. Poultry Sci. 1984; 63: 123- 130.
16. Ruiz-Lopez, B., Rangel-Lugo, M., Austic, R.E. Effects of seleced minerals on acid-base balance and tibial dyschondroslasia in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 1993; 72:1693-1704.
17. Edwards, H.M. Studies on the etiology of tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens. J. Nutr. 1984; 114: 1001 -1013.
18. Halley, J.T., Nelson, T.S., Kirby, L.K.. Effect of calcium, magnesium, choloride, sulfate and phosphorus on growth and leg abnormalities in broiler chicks. Nutr. Rep. Int. 1987; vol 36, (5), 1061 -1070.
19. Halley, J.T., Nelson, T.S., Kirby, L.K., Johnson, Z.B. Effect of altering dietary mineral balance on growth, leg abnormalities, and blood base excess in broiler chicks. Poultry Sci. 1987; 66: 1684 - 1692.
20. Hulan, H.W., Groote, G., Fontaine, G., Munter, G., McRae, K.M., Proudfoot, F.G. The effect of different totals and ratios of dietary calcium and phosphorus on the performance and incidence of leg abnormalities in male broiler ch›ckens derived from normal and dwarf maternal genotypes. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1986; 66: 167-179.
21. Halley, J.T., Nelson, T.S., Kirby, L.K., Johnson, Z.B. Effect of phosphorus on varus deformation, dyschondroplasia and blood parameters in chicks. Nutr. Rep. Int. 1988; vol 38, (3), 477-485.
22. Ruiz-Lopez, B., Austic, R.E. The effect of selected minerals on the acid-base balance of growing chicks. Poultry Sci. 1993; 72: 1054-1062.
23. Simons, P. C. M., Hulan, H. W., Teunis, G. P., van Schagen, P. J. W. Effect of dietary cation-anion balance on acid-base status and incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia of broiler chickens. Nutr. Rep. Int. 1987; 35: 591-600.
24. Johnson, R.J., Karunajeewa, H. The effect of dietary minerals and electrolytes on the growth and physiology of the young chick. J. Nutr. 1985; 115: 1680-1690.
25. Emebo, G.O., Roberson, R.H. Body chances in broilers as affected by dietary calcium, phosphorus and tibial dyschondroplasia. Poultry Sci. 1985; 64: 95 (Abs).
26. Nelson, T.S., Harris, G.C., Kirby, L.K., Johnson, Z.B. Effect of calcium and phosphorus on the incidence of leg abnormalities in growing broilers. Poultry Sci. 1990; 69: 1496-1502.
27. Veltmann, J.R., JR., Jensen, L.S. Tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers: Comparison of dietary adtitives and strains. Poulty Sci. 1981; 60: 1473-1478.