Embriyolu yumurtalarda deneysel Salmonella enteritidis infeksiyonlarına karşı gentamisin ve enrofloksasin kombinasyonunun terapötik ve olası toksik etkilerinin araştırılması

Investigation of therapeutic and possible toxic effects of gentamicin and enrofloxacin in combination against experiental Salmonella enteritidis infection in embryonated eggs

The efficacy of the combination of gentamicin and enrofloxacin on the reduction of Salmonella enteritidis contamination rates in embryonated eggs that were experimentally infected was studied. In order to determine the optimum concentration of the combination for egg injection, the antibacterial activities of these antibiotics were tested in vitro against Salmonella enteritidis by the serial broth macrodilution method. The in vitro interaction test of gentamicin and enrofloxacin has indicated that these two antibacterial agents had an additive effect against Salmonella enteritidis. In order to examine the effect of the combination of gentamicin and enrofloxacin in vivo the eggs that were infected with Salmonella enteritidis by temperature-differential dipping were injected in vitro with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin, enrofloxacin, or both drugs. The other two groups were used as positive and negative controls. After the incubation period, hatching was only observed from groups given the antibiotic among the groups infected with Salmonella enteritidis and the percentage of hatching was 35%, 52%, and, 65%in groups given gentamicin, enrofloxacin, or both drugs, respectively. Salmonella enteritidis was isolated from the visceral organs of these chicks after being necropsied following hatching. However, Salmonella enteritidis detection rates in the group treated with the combination was lower than in groups treated with either drug alone. On the other hand, pathologic findings in the combination group were virtually the same in the uninfected and untreated control. These results indicate the value of gentamicin and enrofloxacin in combination for controlling Salmonella enteritidis infection in experimentally infected eggs.

PDF

___

1. Food and Drug Administration: Update: Salmonella enteritidis Infections and Salmonella enteritidis Grade A Shell Eggs. MMWR, 1988; 37, (32): 495-498.
2. Gast, R.K.: Paratyphoid Infections. In: Calenk, B.W. (Editor), Disease of Poultry 10th ed., Iowa, USA, Iowa State University Press, 97-111, 1997.
3. Williams, E.J.: Avian Salmonellosis. In: Calenk, B.W. (Editor), Disease of Poultry. 3th ed., Iowa, USA, Iowa State University Press, 65-129, 1991.
4. Snoeyenbos, G.H., Carlson, V.L.: Gentamicin efficacy against Salmonellae and Arizonae in eggs as influenced by administrated route and test organism. Avian Dis. 1973; 17, (4): 673- 682
5. Himathongkham, S., Riemann, H., Ernst, R.: Efficacy of disinfection of shell eggs externally contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis. Implications for egg testing. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 1999; 49, (3): 161-167.
6. Huber, W.G.: Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Lincosamides, Polymyxins, Chloramphenicol and Other Antibacterial Drugs. In: Booth, N. H., McDonald, L.E. (Editor), Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 6th ed., USA, Iowa State University Press, 822- 847, 1988.
7. Saif, Y.M., Shelly, S.M.: Effect of Gentamicin sulfate dip on Salmonella organism in experimentally infected turkey eggs. Avian Dis. 1973; 17, (3): 574-581.
8. Zengin, H.: Enrofloksasin’in Kaz Yumurtalarında Embriyotoksistesi ile Kaz Palazlarının çeşitli Dokular Üzerinde Etkisi . Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1996, Doktora Tezi.
9. Food and Drug Administration: Update: Salmonella enteritidis Infections and Shell Eggs. MMWR 1990; 39, (50): 909-912.
10. Çetin, E.T.: Genel ve pratik mikrobiyoloji. 3. Baskı, İstanbul, Sermet Matbaası, 1973.
11. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Eighth informational supplement. NCCLS document M 100-S7, vol. 17 No 1 and No 2, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Villanova. Pa, 1998.
12. Eliopoulos, G.M., Moellering, R.C.: Antimicrobial combinations. In: Lorian, V. (Editor), Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA, 432-492, 1991.
13. Jodas, S.: Behandlungsverfahren zur Bekampfung von Salmonella enteritidis bei künstlich infizierten Bruteiern (Legehybriden). München, 1992, Doktora tezi.
14. McCapes, R.H., Yamanato, R.: Injecting antibiotics into turkey hatching eggs to eliminate Mycoplasma meleagritis infection. Avian Dis. 1975; 19, (3): 506-514.
15. McCapes, R.H., Yamanato, R., Ghazikhanian, G., Dungan, R.H., Ortmayer, H.B.: Antibiotic eggs injection to eliminate disease. I. Effect of injection methods on turkey hatchability. Avian Dis. 1976; 21, (1): 57-68.
16. Luna, L.G.: Manual of histologic stain methods of the armed forces institute of pathology. 3th Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, USA, 1968.
17. Bekar, M., Ayaz, Y., Akman, A., Yazıcıoğlu, N., Uysal, Y., Tekin, C., Ergün, A., İldeş, Z., Korkut, N., Miroğlu, M., Arslan, A.: Tavuk mezbahalarının Salmonella yönünden taranması. Etlik Vet. Mikrobiyol. Derg. 1993; 7, (4): 1-23.
18. Hafez, H.M., Woernle, H., Mandl, J.: Desinfektionsversuche mit Salmonella senftenberg unter Verwendung von Eischalen als Keimtrager. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wschr. 1991; 98, 132-134.
19. Harold, C., Neu, M.D., Nai-Xun, M.D.: in vitro activity of fleroxacin in combination with other antimicrobial agents. Am. J. Med. 1993; 94, 3A9S-3A16S.
20. Kayaalp, O.: Rasyonel Tedavi Yönünden Tıbbi Farmakoloji. 1.cilt, 7.baskı, Ankara, Feryal Matbaacılık, 1994.
21. Amsterdam, D.: Susceptibility testing of antimicrobials in liquid media. In: Lorian, V. (Editor); Antibiotics in Laboratory medicine. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA, 53-105, 1991.