Effect of fermented protein feedstuffs on pig production performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbes

In order to determine the availability of fermented protein feedstuffs (FPFS)-such as cottonseed, blood, and feather meals&#8212;with Aspergillus oryzae, 2 phases of feeding experiments were adopted for 7 weeks. Sixty 58-day-old crossbred pigs were assigned to 6 groups, 10 pigs per group. Group 1 was the control; groups 2, 3, and 4 were supplemented with 6%-7%, 12%-14%, and 18%-21% FPFS, respectively, by replacing the same percentage of soybean meal (SBM); group 5 was supplemented with 12%-14% unfermented protein feedstuffs (UFPFS) by replacing the same percentage of SBM; group 6 was on the same base as group 3 with digestive energy (DE) balanced as in group 1. The results showed: (1) The soluble amino acids in FPFS were increased by 211% (58.06 vs. 18.68 g/kg), compared with UFPFS; (2) the average daily gain (ADG) increased (P < 0.05) in group 2, compared with the other groups; ADG in group 3 was higher than that in group 5 (P < 0.05); and (3) nutrient digestibility in the groups supplemented with FPFS was higher than in the group supplemented with UFPFS (P < 0.05). The results suggest that a 6%-7% FPFS supplementation to replace SBM in pig diets would be ideal and economic.

Effect of fermented protein feedstuffs on pig production performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbes

In order to determine the availability of fermented protein feedstuffs (FPFS)-such as cottonseed, blood, and feather meals&#8212;with Aspergillus oryzae, 2 phases of feeding experiments were adopted for 7 weeks. Sixty 58-day-old crossbred pigs were assigned to 6 groups, 10 pigs per group. Group 1 was the control; groups 2, 3, and 4 were supplemented with 6%-7%, 12%-14%, and 18%-21% FPFS, respectively, by replacing the same percentage of soybean meal (SBM); group 5 was supplemented with 12%-14% unfermented protein feedstuffs (UFPFS) by replacing the same percentage of SBM; group 6 was on the same base as group 3 with digestive energy (DE) balanced as in group 1. The results showed: (1) The soluble amino acids in FPFS were increased by 211% (58.06 vs. 18.68 g/kg), compared with UFPFS; (2) the average daily gain (ADG) increased (P < 0.05) in group 2, compared with the other groups; ADG in group 3 was higher than that in group 5 (P < 0.05); and (3) nutrient digestibility in the groups supplemented with FPFS was higher than in the group supplemented with UFPFS (P < 0.05). The results suggest that a 6%-7% FPFS supplementation to replace SBM in pig diets would be ideal and economic.

___

  • 1. Sterling, K.G., Costa, E.F., Henry, M.H., Pesti, G.M., Bakalli, R.I.: Responses of broiler chickens to cottonseedand soybean meal-based diets at several protein levels. J. Poult. Sci., 2001; 81: 217-226.
  • 2. Rahma, E.H., Narasingo, R.M.S.: Gossypol removal and functional properties of protein produced by extraction of glanded cottonseed with diff erent solvents. J. Food Sci., 1984; 49: 1057-1060.
  • 3. Zhang, W.J., Xu, Z.R., Zhao, S.H., Sun, J.Y., Yang, X.: Development of microbial fermentation process for detoxifi cation of gossypol in cottonseed meal. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 2007; 135: 176-186.
  • 4. Nagalakshmi, D., Sastry, V.R.B., Agrawal, D.K.: Detoxifi cation of undecorticated cottonseed meal by various physical and chemical methods. Anim. Nutr. Feed Technol., 2002; 2: 117-126.
  • 5. Moughan, P.J., Dong, G.Z., Pearson, G., Wilkinson, B.H.P.: Protein quality in blood meal. II. Th e eff ect of processing on in vivo nitrogen digestibility in rats, protein solubility and FDNB-available lysine. J. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 1999; 79: 309-320.
  • 6. Apple, J.K., Boger, C.B., Brown, D.C., Maxwell, C.V., Friesen, K.G., Roberts, W.J., Johnson, Z.B.: Eff ect of feather meal on live animal performance on carcass quality and composition of growing-fi nishing swine. J. Anim. Sci., 2003; 81: 172-181.
  • 7. Bertsch, A., Coello, N.: A biotechnological process for treatment and recycling poultry feathers as a feed ingredient. J. Bioresource Technol., 2005; 96: 1703-1708.
  • 8. Hong, K.J., Lee, C.H., Kim, S.W.: Aspergillus oryzae GB-107 fermentation improves nutritional quality of food soybeans and soybean meal. J. Food Med., 2004; 7: 430-436.
  • 9. Hachmeister, K.A., Fung, D.Y.: Tempeh: a mold-modifi ed indigenous fermented food made from soybeans and/or cereal grains. Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 1993; 19: 137-188
  • 10. Feng, J., Liu, X., Xu, Z.R., Wang, Y.Z., Liu, J.X.: Eff ects of fermented soybean meal on digestive enzyme activities and intestinal morphology in broilers. J. Poult. Sci., 2007; 86: 1149-1154.
  • 11. Kiers, J.L., Meijer, J.C., Nout, M.J.R., Rombouts, F.M., Nabuurs, M.J.A., van der Meulen, J.: Eff ect of fermented soya beans on diarrhoea and feed effi ciency in weaned piglets. J. Appl. Microbiol., 2003; 95: 545-552.
  • 12. Mncene, W.B., Tuitoek, J.K., Muiruri, H.K.: Nitrogen utilization and performance of pigs given diets containing a dried or undried fermented blood/molasses mixture. Feed Sci. Technol., 1999; 78: 239-247.
  • 13. Sarkar, P.K., Jones, L.J., Craven, G.S., Somerset, S.M., Palmer, C.: Amino acid profi les of kinema, a soybeanfermented food. Food Chem., 1997; 59: 69-57.
  • 14. Yoo, Y.G., Hong, G., Hatch, R.T.: Comparison of α-amylase activities from diff erent assay methods. J. Biotechnol. Bioengineer, 1987; 1: 147-151.
  • 15. Sandhya, C., Sumantha, A., Szakacs G., Pandey, A.: Comparative evaluation of neutral protease production by Aspergillus oryzae in submerged and solid-state fermentation. J. Process Biochemistry, 2005; 40: 2689-2694.
  • 16. Shauna, M., McKelvey, R., Murphy, A.: Analysis of widedomain transcriptional regulation in solid-state cultures of Aspergillus oryzae. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2010; 37: 455-469.
  • 17. National Research Council: Nutrient Requirement of Swine. 10th Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 1998; 1-30.
  • 18. Jurgens, M.H.: Animal Feeding and Nutrition. Eighth Ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Iowa. 1997; 63-66.
  • 19. Shapton, D.A., Board, R.G.: Isolation of anaerobes. Academic Press Inc. Ltd., London. 1972; 25-76.
  • 20. Regalado, G., Zamora, T., Veum, L.: Nutritive value of whole soybeans fermented with Aspergillus oryzae or Rhizopus oligosporus as evaluated by neonatal pigs. J. Nutr., 1988; 118: 438-444.
  • 21. Kim, Y.G., Lohakare, J.D., Yun, J.H., Heo, S., Chae, B.J.: Eff ect of feeding levels of microbial fermented soy protein on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology in weaned piglets. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 2007; 20: 399-404.
  • 22. Sarkar, P.K., Tamang, J.P.: Changes in the microbial profi le and proximate composition during natural and controlled fermentations of soybeans to produce kinema. Food Chem., 1995; 12: 317-325.
  • 23. Feng, J., Liu, X., Xu, Z.R., Lu, Y.P., Liu, Y.Y.: Th e eff ects of Aspergillus oryzae fermented soybean meal on growth performance, digestibility of dietary components and activities of intestinal enzymes in weaned piglets. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 2006; 134: 295-303.
  • 24. Paton, A.W., Morona, R., Paton, J.C.: Designer probiotics for prevention of enteric infections. Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2006; 4: 193-200.
  • 25. Pluske, J.R., Hampson, D.J., Williams, I.H.: Factors infl uencing the structure and function of the small intestine in the weaned pig: a review. Livest. Prod. Sci., 1997; 51: 215- 236.
Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-0128
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Juan CHANG, Qingqiang YIN, Pengpeng WANG, Weimin WANG, Ruiyu ZUO

Effects of cold stress during transportation on hatchability and chick quality of broiler breeder eggs

Ahmad SALAHI, Mozhdeh MOOSANEZHAD KHABISI, Abbas PAKDEL, Ali BAGHBANZADEH

The effect of different extenders on the motility and morphology of ram sperm frozen or stored at 4 °C

Recai KULAKSIZ, Çiğdem ÇEBİ, Ergun AKÇAY

A retrospective study of Anaplasma in Minnesota cattle

Aneela Z. DURRANI, Sagar M. GOYAL

Reproductive performance of primiparous and multiparous Saanen goats after laparoscopic intrauterine insemination: a field study

Recai KULAKSIZ, Ali DAŞKIN

Optimum temperature and growth performance of hatchery reared Black Sea flounder (Platichthys flesus luscus Pallas, 1814)

İlhan AYDIN, Orhan AK, Ercan KÜÇÜK, Hamza POLAT, Binnur CEYLAN

Full length cDNA synthesis of differentially displayed ESTs during lactation in the Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Ajai K. TRIPATHI, Krishna M. SINGH, Makrand N. VAZE, Umed V. RAMANI

Investigation of the effects of CO2 insufflation on blood gas values during laparoscopic procedures in pigs

Özlem GÜZEL, Dilek OLGUN ERDİKMEN, Didar AYDIN, Zihni MUTLU, Esma YILDAR

A retrospective study of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in dogs in Minnesota

Aneela Z. DURRANI, Sagar M. GOYAL

Detection, cloning, and sequencing of the enterotoxin gene of Clostridium perfringens type C isolated from goat

Yuan TANG, Ming WEN, Bin LIAN, Jianzhong CHENG, Kaigong WANG, Bijun ZHOU