Muammer BAHŞİ, Mehmet ÇİFTÇİ, Ökkeş YILMAZ, Bestami DALKILIÇ, Yasin BAYKALIR, Seda İFLAZOĞLU MUTLU, Mehtap ÖZÇELIK, Mehmet Ali AZMAN, Ülkü Gülcihan ŞİMŞEK, Fadime TONBAK

Effect of dietary orange peel extract on physiological, biochemical, and metabolic responses of Japanese quail reared under low ambient temperature

The effects of dietary orange peel extract (OPE) supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant status of tissues, and fatty acid composition of breast meat in Japanese quails reared under low ambient temperature were investigated in the present study. A total of 108 quails of 15 days old were assigned to 3 groups with 3 replicates. Animals were fed with a corn/soy-based standard diet in the control group and a standard diet supplemented with either 100 or 200 ppm of OPE in the experimental groups (control, OPE-100, and OPE-200 groups, respectively). Room temperature was gradually lowered at night weekly from 14 °C to 8 °C to obtain chronic intermittent cold stress. OPE supplementation significantly increased live weight, live weight gain, and improved feed efficiency. OPE lowered triglyceride, total protein, glucose, total cholesterol, and uric acid levels in serum. The lowest malondialdehyde levels for liver and heart tissues were found in the OPE-100 group. Glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione production in liver and heart tissues were found higher in the OPE groups. The lowest vitamin C levels for liver and heart tissues were observed in the control group. Feeding OPE resulted in increased accumulation of C20:2 ω-6, C22:6 ω-3, and total ω-3 fatty acids and decreased C18:0 level and total ω-6/ω-3 ratio. These results suggest that OPE supplementation has positive effects against cold stress.

PDF

___

1. Spinu M, Degen AA. Effect of cold stress on performance and immune response of Bedouin and White Leghorn hens. Brit Poultry Sci 1993; 34: 177185.
2. Tatli Seven P, Dalkilic B, Seven I, Arslan O. Effects of dietary supplemental antioxidants (selenium and vitamin C), triiodothyronine hormone and iodine on performance, nutrients retention and relative organ weights in broilers exposed to cold conditions (15 °C). Rev Med Vet 2009; 160: 98102.
3. Kucuk O, Sahin N, Sahin K, Gursu F, Gulcu F, Ozcelik M, Issi M. Egg production, egg quality, and lipid peroxidation status in laying hens maintained at a low ambient temperature (6 °C) and fed a vitamin C and vitamin E-supplemented diet. Vet Med Czech 2003; 48: 3340.
4. Aarif O, Mahapatra PS. The effect of cold stress on biochemical and hematological parameters in broad breasted white turkeys. Wyno J Biol Sci 2013; 1: 2023.
5. Sahin K, Kucuk O, Sahin N. Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on performance and plasma concentrations of insulin and corticosterone in laying hens under low ambient temperature. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2001; 85: 142147.
6. Çiftçi M, Ertas ON, Güler T. Effects of vitamin E and vitamin C dietary supplementation on egg production and egg quality of laying hens exposed to a chronic heat stress. Rev Med Vet 2005; 156: 107111.
7. Simsek UG, Ciftci M, Dalkilic B, Guler T, Ertas ON. The effects of dietary antibiotic and anise oil supplementation on body weight, carcass characteristics and organoleptic analysis of meat in broilers. Rev Med Vet2007; 158: 514518.
8. Aksu Elmali D, Yakan A, Kaya O, Elmali M, Onk K, Sahin T, Durna O. Effects of plant extracts and (essential) oil mixture on breast meat quality of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Rev Med Vet 2014; 165: 104110.
9. Manthey JA. Fractionation of orange peel phenols in ultra-filtered molasses and mass balance studies of their antioxidant levels. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 15: 75867592.
10. Ghazi A. Extraction of beta-carotene from orange peels. Nahrung Aug 1999; 43: 274281.
11. Rinzler CA. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. New York, NY, USA: Fine Communications; 1990.
12. Mtambo MMA, Mushi EJ, Kinabo LDB, Maeda MA, Chen Y, Yen C, Wong Y, Bosco A, Castellini C, Dal BA. With vitamin E the meat of rabbits is improved. Rivista-di-Coniglicoltura 2000; 37: 3843.
13. Turkish Standards Institute. Türk Standartları Tavuk Gövde Eti Parçalama Kuralları TSE 5890. ICS 67.120.10; 67.120.20. Ankara, Turkey: TSE; 1989 (in Turkish).
14. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. Arlington, VA, USA: AOAC; 1990.
15. Crampton EW, Maynard LA. The relation of cellulose and lignin content to nutritive value of animal feeds. J Nutr 1983; 15: 383395.
16. Hara AR, Radin NS. Lipid extraction of tissues with a low-toxicity solvent. Anal Biochem 1978; 90: 420426.
17. Omaya ST, Turbul JD, Savberlich HE. Ascorbic acid analyses. II. Determination after derivation with 2.2.dinitrophenylhidrazine, selected methods for determination of ascorbic acid in animal cells, tissues and fluids. Meth Enzymol 1979; 62: 78.
18. Christie WW. Gas Chromatography and Lipids. Glasgow, UK: The Oil Press; 1992.
19. Placer AZ, Cushman LL, Johnson B. Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malonyldialdehyde) in biochemical systems. Anal Biochem1966; 16: 359364.
20. Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y. A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem 1988;34: 497500.
21. Lawrence RA, Burk RF. Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-deficient rat liver. Bioch Bioph Res Comm1976; 71: 952958.
22. Sedlak J, Lindsay RHC. Estimation of total protein bound and non-protein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellmanns reagent. Anal Biochem 1968; 25: 192205.
23. SPSS Inc. SPSS for Windows Release 11.5 (6 Sep. 2002), Standard Version. Chicago, IL, USA: SPSS; 2002.
24. Alcicek A, Bozkurt M, Cabuk M. The effect of essential oil combination derived from selected herbs growing wild in Turkey on broiler performance. South Afr J Anim Sci2003; 33: 8994.
25. Abdel El-Latif SA, Ahmed FA, El-Kaiaty AM. Effect of feeding dietary thyme, black cumin, dianthus and fennel on productive and some metabolic responses of growing Japanese quail. Egypt Poult Sci 2002; 22: 106125.
26. Akbarian A, Golian A, Kermanshahi H, De Smet S, Michiels J. Antioxidant enzyme activities, plasma hormone levels and serum metabolites of finishing broiler chickens reared under high ambient temperature and fed lemon and orange peel extracts and Curcuma xanthorrhiza essential oil. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2015; 99: 150162.
27. Priya M, Gomathy VS. Haematological and blood biochemicals in male and female turkeys of different age groups. Tamilnadu J Vet Anim Sci 2008; 4: 6068.
28. Virden WS, Kidd MT. Physiological stress in broilers: ramifications on nutrient digestibility and responses. J Appl Poult Res 2009; 18: 338347.
29. Simopoulos AP. Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2006; 60: 502507.
30. Bölükbaşı SC, Erhan MK, Ürüsan H. The effect of supplementation of bergamot oil (Citrus bergamia) on egg production, egg quality, fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens. Japan Poult Sci 2010; 47: 163169.