Determination of acute phase proteins after experimental Streptococcus iniae infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) were infected with Streptococcus iniae (Cat No: ATCC 29178) and the plasma changes in the acute phase protein (APP) members were examined at different time periods. A total of 72 fish with average body weights of 60 g were used. Fish in the infected group (group I) were intraperitoneally injected with S. iniae at 3.3 × 105 colony forming unit (CFU) in 0.1 mL level to the fish. The other group (group II) was subjected to handling stress near the infection. The control group was constituted by providing optimum conditions. On days 7, 14, and 21, blood samples were taken from the caudal veins of the fish under the appropriate anesthesia. The samples were examined on the basis of APPs, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FB), serum amyloid A (SAA), and transferrin (TF) and the changes in the plasma values were recorded. The internal and external symptoms seen during the examinations were detected as follows: the color concentration in 1-2 days in the infected groups, irregularity and retardation in the movements of the fish, hyperemic spots on the skin, and bloody effusion in the internal organs. In both of the infected groups, the CRP and SAA plasma values increased on days 7, 14, and 21 (P < 0.05). Remission was observed in the plasma TF levels in the first week; however, after the second week the levels reached normal values. Decreases in the FB levels of all of the samples were detected. Based on the data acquired in this study, it was concluded that changes in the plasma levels of the APP members can be used as a significant bioindicator in the pathogenesis of the disease in fish infections.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, tilapia, transferrin

Determination of acute phase proteins after experimental Streptococcus iniae infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

Keywords:

Key words: C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, tilapia, transferrin,

PDF

___

Schillaci, G., Pirro, M.: C-reactive protein in hypertension: clinical signifi cance and predictive value. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2006; 16: 500-508. 8. Gerwick, L., Steinhauer, R., Lapatra, S., Sandell, T., Ortuno, J., Hajiseyedjavadi, N., Bayne, C.: Th e acute phase response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma proteins to viral, bacterial and fungal infl ammatory agents. Fish Shellfi sh Immunol., 2002; 12: 229-42.
Russell, S., Hayes, M.A., Simko, E., Lumsden, J.S.: Plasma proteomic analysis of the acute phase response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to intraperitoneal infl ammation and LPS injection. Dev. Comp. Immunol., 2006; 30: 393-406.
Bengten, E., Clem, L.W., Miller, N.W., Warr, G.W., Wilson, M.: Channel catfi sh immunoglobulins: repertoire and expression. Dev. Comp. Immunol., 2006; 30: 77-92.
Lin, B., Chen, S., Cao, Z., Lin, Y., Mo, D., Zhang, H.: Acute phase response in zebrafi sh upon Aeromonas salmonicida and Staphylococcus aureus infection: striking similarities and obvious diff erences with mammals. Mol. Immunol., 2007; 44: 295-301.
Clark, J.S., Pallers, B., Smith, P.D. Prevention of streptococcus in tilapia by vaccination in the Philippine experiences. 5th Int. Symposium on tilapia aquaculture in the 21st century. Brazil. 2000; 2: 545-552.
Austin, B.: Emerging bacterial fi sh pathogens. Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol., 1999; 19: 231-234.
Berridge, B.R., Fuller, J.D., de Azavedo, J., Low, D.E., Bercovier, H., Frelier, P.F.: Development of specifi c nested oligonucleotide PCR primers for the Streptococcus iniae 16S – 23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1998; 36: 2778- 2781.
Colorni, A., Diamant, A., Eldar, A., Kvitt, H., Zlotkin, A.: Streptococcus iniae infections in Red Sea cage-cultured and wild fi shes. Dis. Aquat. Org., 2002; 49: 165-170.
Neely, M.N., Pfeifer, J.D., Caparon, M.: Streptococcus-zebrafi sh model of bacterial pathogenesis. Infect. Immun., 2002; 70: 3904-3914.
Klesius, P.H., Shoemaker, C.A., Evans, J.J.: Effi cacy of a killed Streptococcus iniae vaccine in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 1999; 19: 39-41.
Zlotkin, A., Chilmonczyk, S., Eyngor, M., Hurvitz, A., Ghittino, C., Eldar, A.: Trojan horse eff ect: phagocyte-mediated Streptococcus iniae infection of fi sh. Infect. Immun., 2003; 71: 2318-2325.
Klesius, P.H., Shoemaker, C.A., Evans, J.J. Vaccination: A health management practice for preventing diseases caused by Streptococcus in tilapia and other cultured fi sh. In: Fitzsimmons, K., Filho, J.C., Eds. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Tilapia Aquaculture. Rio DeJaneiro, Brasil. 2000; 558-559.
Bilgehan, H.: Klinik Mikrobiyolojik Tanı. Barış Yay. No: 777, İzmir, Turkey. 2002 (book in Turkish).
Knoph, M.B., Th orud, K.: Toxicity of ammonia to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in seawater-eff ects on plasma osmolality, ion, ammonia, urea and glucose levels and hematological parameters. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1996; 113: 375-381.
Perera, R.P., Johnson, S.K., Lewis, D.H.: Epizootiological aspects of Streptococcus iniae aff ecting Tilapia in Texas. Aquaculture, 1997; 152: 25-33.
Sako, H.: Studies on Streptococcus iniae infection in yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata. Bull. Nansei. Natl. Fish Res., 1998; 31: 63-120.
Russo, R., Mitchell, H., Yanong, A.: Characterization of Streptococcus iniae isolated from ornamental cyprinid fi shes and development of challenge models. Aquaculture, 2006; 1: 105-110.
Nordmo, R., Ramstad, A.: Comparison of diff erent challenge methods to evaluate the effi cacy of furunculosis vaccines in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. L. J. Fish Dis., 1997; 20: 119-126.
Bromage, E.S., Owens, L.: Infection of barramundi Lates calcarifer with Streptococcus iniae: Eff ects of diff erent routes of exposure. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2002; 52: 199-205.
Perera, R.P., Collins, M.D., Johnson, S.K., Lewis, D.H.: Streptococcus iniae associated with mortality of Tilapia nilotica × T. aurea hybrids. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 1994; 6: 335-340.
Jensen, L.E., Hiney, M.P., Shields, D.C., Uhlar, C.M., Lindsay, A.J., Whitehead, and A.S.: Acute phase proteins in salmonids: evolutionary analyses and acute phase response. J. Immunol., 1997; 158: 384-92.
Duff y, L.K., Bowyer, R.T., Testa, J.W., Faro, J.B.: Acute phase proteins and cytokines in Alaskan mammals as markers of chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Am. Fish Soc. Symp., 1996; 18: 809-813.