Detection of Slime Factor Production and Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Various Animal Clinical Samples

In this study, the production of slime factor in 180 Staphylococcus spp. (90 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) and 90 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS)) isolated from various animal clinical specimens was investigated with Congo Red Agar (CRA), Microplate (MP), and Standard Tube (ST) tests and the results were compared to each other. The rate of production of slime factor in all of the Staphylococcus spp. investigated with CRA, MP, and ST tests were 61.1%, 55.5%, and 50.5%, respectively. The existence of Staphylococcus spp. resistance against various antibiotics was also determined by the agar disk diffusion method. The percentage of resistance against penicillin, methicillin, ampicillin, and gentamycin in slime-producing (SP) Staphylococcus spp. was 49.0%, 24.5%, 23.6%, and 13.6%, respectively, whereas for non-slime-producing (NSP) strains it was 42.9%, 15.7%, 14.2%, and 12.9%, respectively. The comparison of SP strains with NSP strains revealed that SP strains had more resistance to those antibiotics. It was determined that all of the Staphylococcus spp. were susceptible to vancomycin. The results observed from this study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the tests applied (CRA, MP, and ST tests; X2 = 0.28). In conclusion, the CRA test could be used for the detection of slime production in Staphylococcus spp. because it is reliable and practical.

Detection of Slime Factor Production and Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Various Animal Clinical Samples

In this study, the production of slime factor in 180 Staphylococcus spp. (90 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) and 90 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS)) isolated from various animal clinical specimens was investigated with Congo Red Agar (CRA), Microplate (MP), and Standard Tube (ST) tests and the results were compared to each other. The rate of production of slime factor in all of the Staphylococcus spp. investigated with CRA, MP, and ST tests were 61.1%, 55.5%, and 50.5%, respectively. The existence of Staphylococcus spp. resistance against various antibiotics was also determined by the agar disk diffusion method. The percentage of resistance against penicillin, methicillin, ampicillin, and gentamycin in slime-producing (SP) Staphylococcus spp. was 49.0%, 24.5%, 23.6%, and 13.6%, respectively, whereas for non-slime-producing (NSP) strains it was 42.9%, 15.7%, 14.2%, and 12.9%, respectively. The comparison of SP strains with NSP strains revealed that SP strains had more resistance to those antibiotics. It was determined that all of the Staphylococcus spp. were susceptible to vancomycin. The results observed from this study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the tests applied (CRA, MP, and ST tests; X2 = 0.28). In conclusion, the CRA test could be used for the detection of slime production in Staphylococcus spp. because it is reliable and practical.

___

  • Arciola, C.R., Campoccia, D., Montanora, L.: Detection of biofilm- forming strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Expert. Rev. Mol. Diagn., 2002; 2: 478-484. 2.
  • Vandenesch, F., Eykyn, S., Bes, M., Meugnier, H., Fleurette, J.,
  • Etienne, J.: Identification and ribotypes of Staphylococcus caprae
  • isolates isolated as human pathogens and from goat milk. J. Clin.
  • Microbiol., 1995; 33: 888-892. 3. Veenstra, G., Cremers, F., van Dijk, H., Fleer, A.: Ultrastructural organization and regulation of a biomaterial adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis. J. Bacteriol., 1996; 178: 537-541. 4. Baselga, R., Albizu, I., De La Cruz, M., Del Cacho, E., Barberan, M., Amorena, B.: Phase variation of slime production in Staphylococcus aureus: implications in colonization and virulence. Infect. Immun., 1993; 61: 4857-4862.
  • Tenover, F.C., Lancaster, M.V., Hill, B.C.: Characterization of staphylococci with reduced susceptibilities to vancomycin and other glycopeptides. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1988; 36: 1020-1027
  • Christensen, G.D., Simpson, W.A., Bisno, A.L., Beachey, E.H.: Adherence of slime-producing strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis to smooth surfaces. Infect. Immun., 1982; 37: 318- 26.
  • Pfaller, M.A., Davenport, D., Bale, M., Barret, M., Koontz, F., Massanari, R.: Development of the quantitative micro-test for slime production by coagulase negative staphylococci. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 1988; 7: 30-33.
  • Christensen, G., Simpson, W.A., Jounger, J.J., Baddour, L.M., Barret, F.F., Melton, D.M., Beachey, E.H.: Adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to plastic tissue culture plates: a quantitative model for the adherence of staphylococci to medical devices. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1985; 22: 996-1006.
  • Davenport, D.S., Massanari, R.M., Pfaller, M.A., Bale, M.J., Streed, S.A., Hierholzer, W.J.: Usefulness of a test for slime production as a marker for clinically significant infections with coagulase negative staphylococci. J. Infect. Dis., 1986; 153: 332- 339.
  • Wilson, M.: Bacterial biofilms and human disease. Sci. Prog., 2001; 84: 235-254.
  • Donlan, R.M., Costerton, J.W. Biofilms: Survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin. Microbiol., Rev. 2002; 15: 167-193.
  • Souli, M., Giamarellou, H.: Effects of slime produced by clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci on activities of various antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1998; 42: 939-941.
  • Quinn, P.J., Carter, M.E., Markey, B.K., Cartey, G.R.: Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Section 2: Bacteriology, 8. Staphylococcus species, p.118-126. Mosby-Year Book Europe Limited, Lynton House, London, England, 1994.
  • Freeman, D.J., Falkiner, F.R., Keane, C.T.: New method for detecting slime producing by coagulase negative staphylococci. J. Clin. Pathol., 1989; 42: 872-874.
  • Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M., Sherris, J.C., Turck, M.: Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 1966; 45: 493-496.
  • National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Ninth Informational Supplement. Document M100-S9. Natl. Committee Clin. Lab. Stand., Wayne, PA. 1999.
  • Sümbüloğlu, V., Sümbüloğlu, K.: Biyoistatistik. Özdemir Yayıncılık, Ankara, 1993; 156-174.
  • Perdreau-Remington, F., Sande, M.A., Peters, G., Chambers, H.F.: The abilities of a Staphylococcus epidermidis wild-type strain and its slime-negative mutant to induce endocarditis in rabbits are comparable. Infect. Immun., 1998; 66: 2778-2781.
  • Ammendolia, M.G., Di Rosa, R., Montanoro, L., Arciola, C.R., Baldassari, L.: Slime production and expression of the slime- associated antigen by staphylococcal clinical isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1999; 37: 3235-3238.
  • Mohan, U., Jindal, L., Aggarwal, P.: Species distribution and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from various clinical specimens. Indian J. Med. Microbiol., 2002; 20: 45-46.
  • Woznicova, V., Votava, M., Skalka, B.: Comparison of two methods of detecting slime production by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Cesk. Epidemiol. Microbiol. Imunol., 1993; 42: 51- 53.
  • Deighton, M.A., Franklin, J.C., Spicer, W.J., Bulkau, B.: Species identification, antibiotic sensitivity and slime production of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens. Epidemiol. Infect., 1988; 101: 99-113.
  • Goel, M.M., Singh, A.V., Mathur, S.K., Singhal, S., Chaturvedi, U.C.: Resistant coagulase negative staphylococci from clinical samples. Indian J. Med. Res., 1991; 93: 350-352.
  • Pathak, J., Udgaonkar, U., Kulkarni, R.D., Pawan, S.W.: Study of coagulase negative staphylococci and their incidence in human infections. Indian J. Med. Microbiol., 1994; 12: 90-95.
  • Diaz-Mitoma, F.G., Harding, G.K.M., Hoban, D.J., Roberts, R.S., Low, D.E.: Clinical significance of a test for slime production in ventriculoperitoneal shunts infections with coagulase negative staphylococci. J. Infect. Dis., 1987; 156: 555-560.
  • Keskin, O., Altay, G., Akan, M.: Farklı hayvansal kaynaklardan izole edilen koagulaz negatif stafilokoklarda slime üretimi ve adherans. Turk J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 2003; 27: 253-257.
  • Çıtak, S., Varlık, Ö., Gündoğan, N.: Slime production and DNase activity of Staphylococci isolated from raw milk. J. Food Safety, 2003; 23: 219-292.
Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-0128
  • Yayın Aralığı: 6
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

The Effectiveness of Cosynch Protocol in Dairy Heifers and Multiparous Cows

Orkun DEMİRAL, Mustafa ÜN, Murat ABAY, Tayfur BEKYÜREK, Ahmet ÖZTÜRK

In vitro effects of prostaglandin F2 $alpha$ and metamizol on the motility of diluted bull semen

Gaffari TÜRK, Seyfettin GÜR, İzzet KARAHAN

Effects of double injections of $PGF_{2alpha}$ at different intervals on some reproductive traits in Tuj ewes

Bayşu Nalan SÖZBİLİR, Ömer UÇAR, Yavuz ÖZTÜRKLER, Şaban MARAŞLI

Effects of feeding frequency on growth, feed consumption, and body composition in juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima Linnaeus, 1758) at low temperature

Ali TÜRKER

Influence of feeding frequency on feed intake, growth performance and nutrient utilization in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed pelleted of extruded diets

Derya GÜROY, Emrah DEVECİLER, Kut Betül GÜROY, Ahmet Adem TEKİNAY

New pelagic gastropoda species encountered on the Tuekish coast of the Levant Sea

Cem ÇEVİK, Deniz ERGÜDEN, Benin TOKLU, Ercan SARIHAN, Ahmet KIDEYS

New Pelagic Gastropoda Species Encountered on the Turkish Coast of the Levant Sea

Cem ÇEVİK, Ahmet KIDEYS, Benin TOKLU, Deniz ERGÜDEN, Ercan SARIHAN

Alterations of Myostatin and Follistatin Gene Expression Profiles in Response to in ovo rhIGF-1 during Quail (Coturnix coturnix) Embryonic Development

Hakan KOCAMIŞ, Nurhayat GÜLMEZ, Şahin ASLAN, Mümtaz NAZLI, Scott A. GAHR

The effectiveness of Cosynch protocol in dairy heifers and multiparous

Orkun DEMİRAL, Murat ABAY, Tayfur BEKYÜREK, Mustafa ÜN, Ahmet ÖZTÜRK

By-catch in a 40 mm PE Demersal Trawl Codend

Yeliz DOĞANYILMAZ ÖZBİLGİN, Zafer TOSUNOĞLU, Hüseyin ÖZBİLGİN