Clinical and Haematological Findings in Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV) Infected Cattle

The clinical and haematological findings in dairy cattle with naturally infected bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) infection were evaluated. Thirty-seven (12.3%) out of 300 cattle that had previously been found positive for BIV infection were monitored. Thirty-seven BIV-free cattle selected from BIV-positive herds were used as a control group. Routine clinical and haematological parameters were recorded 6 times, at 1-month intervals. Mastitis (n = 18), metritis (n = 9), respiratory system diseases (n = 8), retained placenta (n = 7), and regional lymphadenopathy (n = 7) were predominantly diagnosed during the monitoring period in BIV-infected cattle, and mastitis (n = 1) and metabolic disturbance (n = 1) in the control animals. Heart and respiratory rates were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in BIV-infected cattle than in the control group. White blood cell (WBC) count and lymphocyte rate were lower (P < 0.01) in BIV-infected cattle, but the neutrophil rate was higher (P < 0.05) than those of the control group. There were no significant differences in erythrocyte or platelet indices within or between the groups during the study. These findings suggest that the presence of BIV infection should be considered a health risk to cattle populations, and may have a role in changing WBC and differential cell counts in the host.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bovine immunodeficiency virus, BIV, clinical disorders, blood parameters, cattle

Clinical and Haematological Findings in Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV) Infected Cattle

Keywords:

Bovine immunodeficiency virus, BIV, clinical disorders, blood parameters, cattle,

PDF

___

leukemia virus and bovine
D.J., Gonda, M.A.: Possible role of bovine immunodeficiency virus
in bovine paraplegic syndrome: evidence from immunochemical,
virological and seroprevalence studies. Res. Virol., 1995; 146: 313-323.
Snider, T.G., Hoyt, P.G., Jenny, B.F., Coats, K.S., Luther, D.G., Storts, R.W., Battles, J.K., Gonda, M.A.: Natural and experimental bovine immunodeficiency virus infection in cattle. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract., 1997; 13; 151-176.
Batmaz, H., Çarli, K.T., Kahraman, M., Çetin, C., Kennerman, E.: Serological and haematological diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle in Turkey. Vet. Rec., 1995; 136: 42-44.
Batmaz, H., Çarli, K.T., Şen, A., Kennerman, E., Minbay, A., Yilmaz, Z., Caner, V. Baklaci, C.: Prevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis in the South Marmara Region and observations of some management practices. Tr. J. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 1999; 23(Suppl. 2): 261-268. (article in Turkish, with an abstract in English)
Meas, S., Yilmaz, Z., Usui, T., Torun, S., Yesilbag, K., Ohashi, K., Onuma, M.: Evidence of bovine immunodeficiency virus in cattle in Turkey. Jpn. J. Vet. Res., 2003; 51: 3-8.
Snider, T.G., Luther, D.G., Jenny, B.F., Hoyt, P.G., Battles, J.K., Ennis, W.H., Balady, J., Blas-Machado, U., Lemarchand, T.X., Gonda, M.A.: Encephalitis, lymphoid tissue depletion and secondary diseases associated with bovine immunodeficiency virus in a dairy herd. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 1996; 19: 117-131.
St. Cyr Coats, K., Pruett, S.B., Nash, J.W., Cooper, C.R.: Bovine immunodeficiency virus: incidence of infection in Mississippi dairy- cattle. Vet. Microbiol., 1994; 42: 181-189.
Zhang, S.C., Wood, C., Xue, W.Z., Krukenberg, S.M., Chen, Q.M., Minocha, H.C.: Immune suppression in calves with bovine immunodeficiency virus. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol., 1997; 4: 232-235.
Hidalgo, G., Bonilla, J.A.: Lymphoproliferation assays in cattle naturally infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV). Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. B, 1996; 43: 325-332.
Onuma, M., Koomoto, E., Furuyama, H., Yasutomi, Y., Taniyama, H., Iwai, H., Kawakami, Y.: Infection and dysfunction of monocytes induced by experimental inoculation of calves with bovine immunodeficiency-like virus. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 1992; 5: 1009-1015.
Martin, S.J., O'Neill, T.P., Bilello, J.A., Eiseman, J.L.: Lymphocyte transformation abnormalities in bovine immunodeficiency-like virus infected calves. Immunol. Lett., 1991; 27: 81-84.
Jacobs, R.M., Smith, H.E., Whetstone, C.A., Suarez, D.L., Jefferson, B., Valli, V.E.: Haematological and lymphocyte subset analyses in sheep inoculated with bovine immunodeficiency-like virus. Vet. Res. Commun., 1994; 18: 471-482.
Kumar, B., Pachauri, S.P.: Haematological profile of crossbred dairy cattle to monitor herd health status at medium elevation in Central Himalayas. Res. Vet. Sci., 2000; 69: 141-145.
Kulkosky, J., Laptev, A., Shetty, S., Srinivasan, A., BouHamdan, M., Prockop, D.J., Pomerantz, R.J.: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpr alters bone marrow cell function. Blood, 1999; 93: 1906-1915.
Cole, J.L., Marzec, U.M., Gunthel, C.J., Karpatkin, S., Worford, L., Sundell, I.B., Lennox, J.L., Nichol, J.L., Harker, L.A.: Ineffective platelet production in thrombocytopenic human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Blood, 1998; 9: 3239- 3246.
Flaming, K., van der Maaten, M., Whetstone, C., Carpenter, S., Frank, D., Roth, J.: Effect of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus infection on immune function in experimentally infected cattle. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 1993; 36: 91-105.
Yesilbag, K., Yilmaz, Z., Güngör, B.: Antibody prevalence against bovine respiratory viruses in cattle infected with bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). Vet. Rec., 2008 (In press).
Wiwanitkit, V.: Plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width: its expected values and correlation with parallel red blood cell parameters. Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost., 2004; 10: 175-178.