İsnâaşeriyye Şiî Mercîlik Kurumunda Modern Bir Mercîliğin Teşekkülünün Gerekliliği

İsnâaşeriyye Şiîliğinde Merceiyyet kurumu, uzun bir geçmişe sahip en yüksek dini kurum olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu kurum hakkında yapılan çok sayıda araştırmaya ve hatta modernleşmesinin gerekliliğine rağmen, "modern Merceiyyet" kavramının özellikle fıkhî bir bakış açısıyla açıklanması gerekmektedir. Fıkhî açıklama, bu kurumun fıkhî niteliği nedeniyle gereklidir. Bu makale bu konuyu düzenlemeye çalışmaktadır. Makalenin ulaştığı sonuç, fıkhî açıdan bakıldığında Mercîliğin modernleşmesinin üç alanda bir dönüşümü gerektirdiğidir: Mercîliğin fıkhî yaklaşımı, fetva verme biçimi ve dinleyicilerle sosyal etkileşim. İlk adımda makale, Mercîlik fıkıh yaklaşımındaki dönüşümün gerekliliğini tartışmakta ve bunu Mercîliğin ürünleri ile modernitenin rasyonel ve bilimsel kazanımları arasındaki uyumun gerekliliğine dayandırmaktadır. İkinci özellik ise toplumla modern etkileşim modelidir. Fetva verme durumunda, taklitçinin çeşitli fetvaları karşılaştırmasını sağlamak için bir argümanlar ekini içerir. Bu model, Merceiyyet'i özel bir kutsallık ve kutsiyetten yoksun sosyal bir kurum olarak görmektedir. Özel kutsallığın inkârı, bilgi ve takva sahiplerinin sahip olduğu kutsallığa ek olarak, Mercîliğin konumu olarak eşsiz bir kutsallığa sahip olmadığı anlamına gelir. Özel kutsallığın yadsınması, eğer hukuksal argümanlara dayanıyorsa, bu kurumun modernleşmesine kapı açmaktadır. Makale, modern Merceiyyet'in geleneksel Merceiyyet'den tamamen farklı olduğu sonucuna varmakta ve saha araştırması yoluyla bu oluşumun toplumsal gereklilikleri üzerine daha fazla çalışma yapılmasını önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Şiîlik, Mercîlik, Modern Mercîlik, Fıkhî Yaklaşım, Sosyal Model, Toplum

The Necessity of the Formation of a Modern Marjaʿīiyah in Twelver Shia Marjaʿīiyah Institution

The institution of Marjaʿīiyah in Twelver Shia is considered the highest religious institution that has a long history. Despite the much research that has been done about this institution and even the necessity of its modernization, the concept of "modern Marjaʿīiyah" needs to be explained, especially from a juristic point of view. The jurisprudential explanation is necessary because of the jurisprudential nature of this institution. The present article tries to organize this matter. The achievement of the article is that, from the juristic perspective, the modernization of the Marjaʿīiyah requires a transformation in three areas: the jurisprudential approach of Marājiʿ, the way of issuing fatwá and social interaction with the audiences. In the first step, the article discusses the necessity of the transformation in the jurisprudential approach of Marājiʿ and based it on the necessity of compatibility between the products of Marājiʿ with the rational and scientific achievements of modernity. The second feature is the modern interaction model with society. In the case of issuing Fatwá, it includes an attachment of arguments to enable the imitator to compare various Fatwás. This model considers Marjaʿīiyah as a social institution that is devoid of special sanctity and holiness. Denying the special holiness means that Marjaʿ does not have unique holiness as a position of Marjaʿ in addition to the holiness that the possessors of knowledge and piety enjoy. The negation of special sanctity, if it is based on juristic arguments, opens the door for the modernization of this institution. The article concludes that the modern Marjaʿīiyah is completely different from the traditional Marjaʿīiyah and recommends further studies on the social necessities of this formation through field research.

Keywords:

Shiite; Marjaʿīiyah, Modern Marjaʿīiyah, Juristic perspective, Social Model, Society.,

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