ASLI ASLAN, NURİ ZAFER KURUGÖL, Sabire Şöhret Aydemir, Derya GÜRSEL, Güldane KOTUROĞLU

High frequency of pertussis in older children and adolescents with prolonged cough in Turkey

Aslan A, Kurugöl Z, Aydemir Ş, Gürsel D, Koturoğlu G. High frequency of pertussis in older children and adolescents with prolonged cough in Turkey. Turk J Pediatr 2016; 58: 41-46.This study aimed to determine the frequency of B. pertussis infection among Turkish children with prolonged cough.Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from 7-18 year old children, presenting with prolonged cough of two to four weeks’ duration. Specimens were examined for B. pertussis by PCR.Of 101 children with prolonged cough, 20 (19.8%) had a positive PCR testing for B. pertussis. Children who were vaccinated ≥5 years previously had a 6.13-fold higher risk of PCR-confirmed pertussis than those who were vaccinated

PDF

___

1. Global routine vaccination coverage-2012. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC.) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2013; 62: 858-861.

2. Pertussis vaccines: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2010; 85: 385-400.

3. Centralized Information System for Infectious Diseases (CISID). Pertussis incidence. Available from: URL: http://data.euro.who.int/cisid/?TabID=366495

4. Cherry JD, Tan T, Wirsing von König CH, et al. Clinical definitions of pertussis: Summary of a Global Pertussis Initiative roundtable meeting, February 2011. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54: 1756-1764.

5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Pertussis / Whooping Cough (Bordetella pertussis) 2014 Case Definition. Available from: URL: http:// wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/pertussis/casedefinition/2014.

6. World Health Organization: WHO. Recommended Standards for Surveillance of Selected Vaccine Preventable Disease, Vaccine Assessment and Monitoring team of the Department of Vaccines and Biologicals; 2003: 28.

7. Couzigou C, Flahault A. Is pertussis being considered as a cause of persistent cough among adults? Eur J Epidemiol 2003; 18: 1013-1015.

8. Cherry JD. Pertussis vaccines for adolescents and adults. Pediatrics 2005; 116: 755-756.

9. Cherry JD, Grimprel E, Guiso N, Heininger U, Mertsola J. Defining pertussis epidemiology: clinical, microbiologic and serologic perspectives. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005; 24: S25-34.

10. Dilli D, Bostanci I, Dallar Y, Buzgan T, Irmak H, Torunoğlu MA. Recent findings on pertussis epidemiology in Turkey. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27: 335-341.

11. Yildirim I, Ceyhan M, Kalayci O, et al. Frequency of pertussis in children with prolongued cough. Scand J Infect Dis 2008 ;40: 314-319.

12. Aksakal FN, Cöplü N, Ceyhan MN, et al. High incidence of Pertussis among schoolchildren with prolonged cough in Turkey. Tohoku J Exp Med 2007; 211: 353- 358.

13. Mink CA, Sirota NM, Nugent S. Outbreak of pertussis in a fully immunized adolescent and adult population. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994; 148: 153-157.

14. Tartof SY, Lewis M, Kenyon C, White K, Osborn A, Liko J, et al. Waning immunity to pertussis following 5 doses of DTaP. Pediatrics 2013; 131: 1047-1052.

15. Klein NP, Bartlett J, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Fireman B, Baxter R. Waning protection after fifth dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in children. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 1012-1019.

16. Wang K, Fry NK, Campbell H, et al. Whooping cough in school age children presenting with persistent cough in UK primary care after introduction of the preschool pertussis booster vaccination: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2014; 348: 3668.

17. Riffelmann M, Wirsing von Konig CH, Caro V, et al. Nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis of Bordetella infections. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 4925- 4929.

18. Kennerknecht N, Riffelmann M, Schmetz J, Wirsing von König CH. Comparison of commercially available immunoblot assays measuring IgG and IgA antibodies to Bordetella pertussis antigens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30: 1531-1535.

19. Murphy T, Bisgard K, Sanden G. Diagnosis and laboratory methods, chapter 2. Guidelines for the control of pertussis outbreaks, National Immunization Program. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDC). 2000

20. Menzies SL, Kadwad V, Pawloski LC, et al. Pertussis Assay Working Group. Development and analytical validation of an immunoassay for quantifying serum anti-pertussis toxin antibodies resulting from Bordetella pertussis infection. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2009; 16: 1781-1788.

21. Kline JM, Lewis WD, Smith EA, Tracy LR, Moerschel SK. Pertussis: a reemerging infection. Am Fam Physician 2013; 88: 507-514.

22. Palmer CM, McCall B, Jarvinen K, Nissen MD. Bordetella pertussis PCR positivity, following onset of illness in children under 5 years of age. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep 2007; 31: 202-205.

23. Koidl C, Bozic M, Burmeister A, Hess M, Marth E, Kessler HH. Detection and differentiation of Bordetella spp. by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 347-350.

24. Schmidt-Schläpfer G, Liese JG, Porter F, Stojanov S, Just M, Belohradsky BH. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) compared with conventional identification in culture for detection of Bordetella pertussis in 7153 children. Clin Microbiol Infect 1997; 3: 462-467.

25. Lind-Brandberg L, Welinder-Olsson C, Lagergård T, Taranger J, Trollfors B, Zackrisson G. Evaluation of PCR for diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis infections. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 679-683.

26. Heininger U, Schmidt-Schlapfer G, Cherry J, Stehr K. Clinical validation of polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of pertussis by comparison with serology, culture, and symptoms during a large pertussis vaccine efficacy trial. Pediatrics 2000; 105: 31.

27. Bidet P, Liguori S, De Lauzanne A, et al. Real‐time PCR measurement of persistence of Bordetella pertussis DNA in nasopharyngeal secretions during antibiotic treatment of young children with pertussis. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46: 3636-3638.

28. Bonacorsi S, Farnoux C, Bidet P, Caro V, Aizenfisz S, Benhayoun M et al. Treatment failure of nosocomial pertussis infection in a very‐low‐birth‐weight neonate. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44: 3830–3832.

29. McIntyre PB, Sintchenko V. The “how” of polymerase chain reaction testing for Bordetella pertussis depends on the “why”. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 56: 332-334.

30. Guiso N, Berbers G, Fry NK et al. What to do and what not to do in serological diagnosis of pertussis: recommendations from EU reference laboratories. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30: 307-312.

31. Dragsted DM, Dohn B, Madsen J, Jensen JS. Comparison of culture and PCR for detection of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis under routine laboratory conditions. J Med Microbiol 2004 ;53: 749-754.

32. Mandal S, Tatti KM, Woods-Stout D, et al. Pertussis pseudo-outbreak linked to specimens contaminated by Bordetella pertussis DNA from clinic surfaces. Pediatrics 2012; 129: 424-430.

33. Yih WK, Lett SM, des Vignes FN, et al. The increasing incidence of pertussis in Massachusetts adolescents and adults, 1989-1998. J Infect Dis 2000; 182: 1409-1416.

34. Ghanaie RM, Karimi A, Sadeghi H, et al. Frequency of pertussis in iranian school-age children. J Ped Infect Dis 2013; 8: 1-5.

35. Ghanaie RM, Karimi A, Sadeghi H, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of the World Health Organization pertussis clinical case definition. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 14: 1072-1075.

36. Bremont F, Micheau P, Le RP, Brouard J, Pin I, Fayon M. Etiology of chronic cough in children: analysis of 100 cases. Arch Pediatr 2001; 8: 64-69.