The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) for children
The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) for children
Background/aim: Body esteem (BE) is defined as the self-evaluation of one’s own body or appearance. The Body Esteem Scale forAdolescents and Adults (BESAA) consists of three subscales: BE-appearance, BE-weight, and BE-attribution. Though initially developedfor adolescents and adults, the use of the scale has recently increased in health-related research on children. This study aimed to assessthe validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the BESAA for children.Materials and methods: The participants in the study were 4th grade children (aged 9–10 years) in Ankara, Turkey. The validity of thescale was evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessedusing Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient, respectively.Results: The Turkish version of the BESAA for children includes BE-weight, BE-appearance, and BE-attribution subscales. The scaledemonstrated good model fit statistics (chi-square/df = 3.41, P < 0.001) and good internal consistency for BE-weight (α = 0.85), BEappearance(α = 0.76), and BE-attribution (α = 0.69). According to our findings, test-retest reliability of the three subscales was in themoderate/acceptable range for children (r = 0.57–0.68, P < 0.01).Conclusion: The Turkish version of the BESAA can be used to measure BE in terms of appearance, weight, and attribution in children.
___
- 1. Mendelson BK, Mendelson MJ, White DR. Body-esteem scale
for adolescents and adults. Journal of Personality Assessment
2001; 76 (1): 90-106. doi: 10.1207/S15327752JPA7601_6
- 2. Allison DB, Baskin ML. Handbook of Assessment Methods
for Eating Behaviors and Weight-Related Problems. Measures,
Theory, and Research. 2nd ed. Thousand, Oaks, CA, USA:
SAGE Publications; 2009.
- 3. Puhl RM, Brownell KD. Confronting and coping with weight
stigma: an investigation of overweight and obese adults.
Obesity 2009; 14 (10): 802-815. doi: 10.1038/oby.2006.208
- 4. Strauss RS. Childhood obesity and self-esteem. Pediatrics
2000; 105 (1): 1-5.
- 5. Shapiro S, Newcomb M, Loeb TB. Fear of fat, disregulatedrestrained
eating, and body esteem: prevalence and gender
differences among eight-to ten-year-old children. Journal of
Clinical Child Psychology 1997; 26 (4): 358-365.
- 6. Wardle J, Cooke L. The impact of obesity on psychological
well-being. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Endocrinology
& Metabolism. 2005; 19 (3): 421-440. doi: 10.1016/j.
beem.2005.04.006
- 7. Cragun D, DeBate RD, Ata RN, Thompson JK. Psychometric
properties of the body esteem scale for adolescents and adults
in an early adolescent sample. Eating and Weight Disorders
2013; 18 (3): 275-282. doi: 10.1007/s40519-013-0031-1
- 8. Confalonieri E, Gatti E, Ionio C, Traficante D. Body
esteem scale: a validation on Italian adolescents. Testing,
Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology 2008; 15
(3): 153-165.
- 9. Mak KK, Pang JS, Lai CM, Ho RC. Body esteem in Chinese
adolescents: effect of gender, age, and weight. Journal of Health
Psychology 2013; 18 (1): 46-54. doi: 10.1177/1359105312437264
- 10. Rousseau A, Valls M, Chabrol H. Body esteem scale (BES):
a validation on French adolescent girls and young women.
Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée 2015: 65 (4); 205-
210. doi: 10.1016/j.erap.2015.06.001 (article in French with an
abstract in English)
- 11. Mendelson BK, White DR, Mendelson MJ. Self-esteem and
body esteem: effects of gender, age, and weight. Journal of
Applied Developmental Psychology 1996; 17: 321-346.
- 12. Haley SJ, Li S, Uner S, Arslan U, Konşuk Unlu H et al.
Perceptions of obesity prevention policies: socioeconomic
assessment in the Turkish capital. Journal of Pediatric Nursing
2019; 44: e20-e27. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.10.012
- 13. Steenson, S, Özcebe, H, Arslan, U, Konşuk Ünlü H, Araz, ÖM
et al. Assessing the validity and reliability of family factors on
physical activity: a case study in Turkey. PLoS One 2018; 13 (6):
e0197920. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197920
- 14. Yüceşahin MM, Tuysuz S. Patterns of urban socio-spatial
differentiation in Ankara: an empirical analysis. Coğrafi Bilim
Dergisi 2011; 9 (2): 159-188 (in Turkish).
- 15. Worthington RL, Whittaker TA. Scale development research.
A content analysis and recommendations for best practices.
Counselling Psychologist 2006; 34 (6): 806-838. doi:
10.1177/0011000006288127
- 16. Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen M. Structural equation
modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic
Journal of Business Research Methods 2002; 6 (1): 53-60.
- 17. Chen F, Curran PJ, Bollen KA, Kirby J, Paxton P. An empirical
evaluation of the use of fixed cutoff points in RMSEA test
statistic in structural equation models. Sociological Methods &
Research 2008; 36(4): 462-494. doi: 10.1177/0049124108314720
- 18. Hume C, Ball K, Salmon J. Development and reliability of a
self-report questionnaire to examine children’s perceptions
of the physical activity environment at home and in the
neighborhood. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition
and Physical Activity 2006; 3 (16): 1-6. doi: 10.1186/1479-
5868-3-16
- 19. Sim J, Wright C. Research in Health Care: Concepts, Designs
and Methods. Cheltenham, UK: Stanley Thornes Ltd.; 2000.
- 20. Horne R, Hankins M, Jenkins R. The satisfaction with
information about medicines scale (SIMS): a new measurement
tool for audit and research. Quality in Health Care 2001; 10:
135-140. doi: 0.1136/qhc.0100135
- 21. Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA. Correlation coefficients:
appropriate use and interpretation. Anesthesia and Analgesia
2018; 126 (5): 1763-1768. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864
- 22. Prezza M, Trombaccia FR, Armento L. The Rosenberg Self-
Esteem Scale: Italian translation and validation. Giunti
Organizzazioni Speciali 1997; 223: 35-44 (article in Italian with
an abstract in English).
- 23. Rosenberg, M. Society and the Adolescence Self-Image.
Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press; 1965.
- 24. Alparone FR, Prezza, M, Camarda P. Measuring/measures of
body image in the developmental age. Bollettino di Psicologia
Applicata 2000; 231: 25-35 (article in Italian with an abstract in
English).
- 25. Erling A, Hwang CP. Body-esteem in Swedish 10-year-old
children. Perceptual and Motor Skills 2004; 99 (2): 437-444.
doi: 10.2466/pms.99.2.437-444
- 26. Çolpan M, Eray Ş, Eren E, Vural AP. Perceived expressed
emotion, emotional and behavioral problems and self-esteem
in obese adolescents: a case-control study. Journal of Clinical
Research in Pediatric Endocrinology 2018; 10 (4): 357-363.
doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.0101