The role of right ventricular volumes and inferior vena cava diameters in the evaluation of volume status before colonoscopy
The role of right ventricular volumes and inferior vena cava diameters in the evaluation of volume status before colonoscopy
Background/aim: Ultrasonographic measurements of inferior vena cava (IVC) diameters and right ventricle (RV) volumes areimportant tools for the evaluation of intravascular volume. The current study investigates the association of IVC diameters and RVvolumes before colonoscopy in prediction of postanesthesia hypotension.Materials and methods: Seventy patients scheduled for colonoscopy were included in the study. Preoperatively, expirium (dIVC max)and inspirium (dIVC min) IVC diameters were measured using M-mode ultrasonography and the collapsibility index (IVC-CI) wascalculated. Ventricular volumes and areas were also measured using transthoracic echocardiography. Postanesthesia hypotension wasdefined as mean arterial blood pressure of 30% in the mean arterial pressure after sedation.Results: Minimum and maximum IVC diameters were significantly lower (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively) and IVC-CI wassignificantly higher (P < 0.001) in patients who developed hypotension. Similarly, right ventricular end-diastolic area (RV-EDA), rightventricular end-systolic area (RV-ESA), right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RV-EDV), right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV), and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LV-ESV) values were significantly lower in patients with hypotension (P < 0.05). Logisticregression analysis showed that dIVC min and RV-ESA were independent predictors of hypotension.Conclusion: IVC diameters and RV-ESA, RV-EDA, RV-ESV, and RV-EDV are good indicators of preoperative volume status and can beused to predict the patients at risk of developing hypotension.
___
- 1. Lonjaret L, Lairez O, Minville V, Geeraerts T. Optimal
perioperative management of arterial blood pressure. Integrated
Blood Pressure Control 2014; 12 (7): 49-59. doi: 10.2147/IBPC.
S45292
- 2. Kratz T, Campo Dell’Orto M, Exner M, Timmesfeld N, Zoremba
M et al. Focused intraoperative transthoracic echocardiography
by anesthesiologists: a feasibility study. Minerva Anestesiologica
2015; 81 (5): 490-496.
- 3. Charlson ME, MacKenzie CR, Gold JP, Ales KL, Topkins M
et al. Preoperative characteristics predicting intraoperative
hypotension and hypertension among hypertensives and
diabetics undergoing noncardiac surgery. Annals of Surgery
1990; 212: 66-81.
- 4. Marik PE, Lemson J. Fluid responsiveness: an evolution of our
understanding British Journal of Anaesthesia 2014; 112 (4):
617-620. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet590
- 5. Brennan JM, Ronan A, Goonewardena S, Blair JE, Hammes
M et al. Hand carried ultrasound measurement of the inferior
vena cava for assessment of intravascular volume status in the
outpatient hemodialysis clinic. Clinical Journal of the American
Society of Nephrology 2006; 1 (4): 749-753.
- 6. DeCara JM, Lang RM, Koch R, Bala R, Penzotti J et al. The
use of small personal ultrasound devices by internists without
formal training in echocardiography. European Journal of
Echocardiography 2002; 4: 141-147.
- 7. Kirkpatrick JN, Belka V, Furlong K, Balasia B, Jacobs LD
et al. Effectiveness of echocardiographic imaging by nurses
to identify left ventricular systolic dysfunction in high-risk
patients. American Journal of Cardiology 2005; 95: 1271-1272.
- 8. Zhang J, Critchley LA. Inferior vena cava ultrasonography
before general anesthesia can predict hypotension after
induction. Anesthesiology 2016; 124 (3): 580-589. doi: 10.1097/
ALN.0000000000001002
- 9. Marik PE, Baram M, Vahid B. Does central venous pressure
predict fluid responsiveness? A systematic review of the
literature and the tale of seven mares. Chest 2008; 134: 172-178.
- 10. Cecconi M, Aya HD. Central venous pressure cannot predict
fluid-responsiveness. BMC Evidence-Based Medicine 2014; 19
(2): 63.
- 11. Shah MR, Hasselblad V, Stevenson LW, Binanay C, O’Connor
CM et al. Impact of the pulmonary artery catheter in critically
ill patients: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. JAMA
2005; 294 (13): 1664-1670.
- 12. Junghans T, Neuss H, Strohauer M, Raue W, Haase O et al.
Hypovolemia after traditional preoperative care in patients
undergoing colonic surgery is underrepresented in conventional
hemodynamic monitoring. International Journal of Colorectal
Disease 2006; 21 (7): 693-697.
- 13. Nette RW, Ie EH, Vletter WB, Krams R, Weimar W et al.
Norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction results in decreased
blood volume in dialysis patients. Nephrology Dialysis
Transplantation 2006; 21 (5): 1305-1311.
- 14. Lyon M, Blaivas M, Brannam L. Sonographic measurement
of the inferior vena cava as a marker of blood loss. American
Journal of Emergency Medicine 2005; 23 (1): 45-50.
- 15. Stawicki SP, Braslow BM, Panebianco NL, Kirkpatrick JN,
Gracias VH et al. Intensivist use of hand-carried ultrasonography
to measure IVC collapsibility in estimating intravascular volume
status: correlations with CVP. Journal of American College of
Surgeons 2009; 209 (1): 55-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009
- 16. Ferrada P, Anand RJ, Whelan J, Aboutanos MA, Duane T et al.
Qualitative assessment of the inferior vena cava: useful tool for
the valuation of fluid status in critically ill patients. American
Surgeon 2012; 78 (4): 468-470.
- 17. Prekker ME, Scott NL, Hart D, Sprenkle MD, Leatherman JW.
Point-of-care ultrasound to estimate central venous pressure: a
comparison of three techniques. Critical Care Medicine 2013; 41
(3): 833-841. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827466b7
- 18. Wallace DJ, Allison M, Stone MB. Inferior vena cava percentage
collapse during respiration is affected by the sampling location:
an ultrasound study in healthy volunteers. Academic Emergency
Medicine 2010; 17 (1): 96-99.
- 19. Muller L, Bobbia X, Toumi M, Louart G, Molinari N et al.
Respiratory variations of inferior vena cava diameter to predict
fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients with
acute circulatory failure: need for a cautious use. Critical Care
2012; 16 (5): R188. doi: 10.1186/cc11672
- 20. Airapetian N, Maizel J, Alyamani O, Mahjoub Y, Lorne E et
al. Does inferior vena cava respiratory variability predict fluid
responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients? Critical
Care 2015; 13 (19): 400. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-1100-9
- 21. Salama ER, Elkashlan M. Pre-operative ultrasonographic
valuation of inferior vena cava collapsibility index and caval
aorta index as new predictors for hypotension after induction of
spinal anaesthesia: a prospective observational study. European
Journal of Anaesthesiology 2019; 36 (4): 297-302. doi: 10.1097/
EJA.0000000000000956
- 22. Saranteas T, Spiliotaki H, Koliantzaki I, Koutsomanolis D,
Kopanaki E et al. The utility of echocardiography for the
prediction of spinal-induced hypotension in elderly patients:
inferior vena cava assessment is a key player. Journal of
Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 2019; 1053 (19): 30181-
30188. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.02.032
- 23. Joseph MX, Disney PJ, Da Costa R, Hutchison SJ. Transthoracic
echocardiography to identify or exclude cardiac cause of shock.
Chest 2004; 126 (5): 1592-1597.
- 24. Stanko LK, Jacobsohn E, Tam JW, De Wet CJ, Avidan M.
Transthoracic echocardiography: impact on diagnosis and
management in tertiary care intensive care units. Anaesthesia
and Intensive Care 2005; 33 (4): 492-496.
- 25. Orme RM, Oram MP, McKinstry CE. Impact of echocardiography
on patient management in the intensive care unit: an audit of
district general hospital practice. British Journal of Anaesthesia
2009; 102 (3): 340-344. doi: 10.1093/bja/aen378
- 26. Manasia AR, Nagaraj HM, Kodali RB, Croft LB, Oropello JM
et al. Feasibility and potential clinical utility of goal-directed
transthoracic echocardiography performed by noncardiologist
intensivists using a small hand-carried device (SonoHeart) in
critically ill patients. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular
Anesthesia 2005; 19 (2): 155-159.
- 27. Jensen MB, Sloth E, Larsen KM, Schmidt MB. Transthoracic
echocardiography for cardiopulmonary monitoring in
intensive care. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2004; 21
(9): 700.
- 28. Holm JH, Frederiksen CA, Juhl-Olsen P, Sloth E. Perioperative
use of focus assessed transthoracic echocardiography (FATE).
Anesthesia & Analgesia 2012; 115 (5): 1029-1032. doi: 10.1213/
ANE.0b013e31826dd867
- 29. Jacobsen CJ, Torp P, Sloth E. Perioperative feasibility of imaging
the heart and pleura in patients with aortic stenosis undergoing
aortic valve replacement. European Journal of Anaesthesiology
2007; 24: 589-595.
- 30. Tanzola RC, Walsh S, Hopman WM, Sydor D, Arellano R et al.
Brief report: Focused transthoracic echocardiography training
in a cohort of Canadian anesthesiology residents: a pilot study.
Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 2013; 60 (1): 32-37. doi:
10.1007/s12630-012-9811-8
- 31. Sangalli F, Rubino A. Intraoperative transthoracic
echocardiography: another arrow to the bow of perioperative
medicine. Minerva Anestesiologica 2015; 81 (5): 469-471.