Mehmet Şerif AYDIN, Mukaddes EŞREFOĞLU, Mustafa IRAZ, Meryem IRAZ

Protective efect of β-glucan on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats

Background/aim: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia can cause serious organ damage such as acute lung injury and deathby triggering the secretion of proinfammatory cytokines and acute-phase reactants. Te goal of this study was to evaluate the efects ofβ-glucan on infammatory mediator levels and histopathological changes in LPS-induced endotoxemia.Materials and methods: Forty-seven male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups as follows: control group, LPSgroup (10 mg/kg LPS), LPS + β-glucan group (100 mg/kg β-glucan before LPS administration), and β-glucan group. Twelve hours aferLPS administration, lung and serum samples were collected. Concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitoninwere measured in the serum at hours 0 (basal) and 12. Te severity of lung damage was assessed by an appropriate histopathologicalscoring system.Results: Serum levels of CRP in the LPS group at 12 h were signifcantly higher than in the other groups, whereas serum IL-6 levels inthe LPS and LPS + β-glucan groups at 12 h were signifcantly decreased. Te mean histopathological damage score of the LPS group wasslightly higher than that of the LPS + β-glucan group. Moreover, mortality rate was signifcantly decreased in the LPS + β-glucan groupversus the LPS group.

PDF

___

1. Kassim M, Yusof KM, Ong G, Sekaran S, Yusof MY, Mansor M. Gelam honey inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia in rats through the induction of heme oxygenase-1 and the inhibition of cytokines, nitric oxide, and high-mobility group protein B1. Fitoterapia 2012; 83: 10541059.
2. Doi K, Leelahavanichkul A, Yuen PS, Star RA. Animal models of sepsis and sepsis-induced kidney injury. J Clin Invest 2009; 119: 28682878.
3. Akramiene D, Kondrotas A, Didziapetriene J, Kevelaitis E. Efects of beta-glucans on the immune system. Medicina (Kaunas) 2007; 43: 597606.
4. Zuppa AA, Calabrese V, DAndrea V, Fracchiolla A, Scorrano A, Orchi C, Romagnoli C. Evaluation of C reactive protein and others immunologic markers in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Minerva Pediatr 2007; 59: 267274.
5. Kocabaş E, Sarıkçıoğlu A, Aksaray N, Seydaoğlu G, Seyhun Y, Yaman A. Role of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Turk J Pediatr 2007; 49: 720.
6. Saeed NM, El-Demerdash E, Abdel-Rahman HM, Algandaby MM, Al-Abbasi FA, Abdel-Naim AB. Anti-infammatory activity of methyl palmitate and ethyl palmitate in diferent experimental rat models. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 264: 8493.
7. Sener G, Toklu H, Ercan F, Erkanli G. Protective efect of beta glucan against oxidative organ injury in a rat model of sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5: 13871396.
8. Sandvik A, Wang YY, Morton HC, Aasen AO, Wang JE, Johansen FE. Oral and systemic administration of b-glucan protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced shock and organ injury in rats. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 148: 168177.
9. Bayindir T, Filiz A, Iraz M, Kaya S, Tan M, Kalcioglu MT. Evaluation of the protective efect of Beta glucan on amikacin ototoxicity using distortion product otoacoustic emission measurements in rats. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 6: 16.
10. Kwon WY, Suh GJ, Kim KS, Kwak YH. Niacin attenuates lung infammation and improves survival during sepsis by downregulating the nuclear factor-[kappa]B pathway. Crit Care Med 2011; 39: 328334.
11. Yonetci N, Sungurtekin U, Oruc N, Yilmaz M, Sungurtekin H, Kaleli I, Kaptanoglu B, Yuce G, Ozutemiz O. Is procalcitonin a reliable marker for the diagnosis of infected pancreatic necrosis? ANZ J Surg 2004; 74: 591595.
12. Pallarès V, Fernández-Iglesias A, Cedó L, Castell-Auví A, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Salvadó MJ, Garcia-Vallvé S, Blay M. Grape seed procyanidin extract reduces the endotoxic efects induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60: 107114.
13. Shang Y, Jiang YX, Xu SP, Wu Y, Yuan SY, Yao SL. Reduction of pulmonary infammatory response by erythropoietin in a rat model of endotoxaemia. Chin Med J (Engl) 2009; 122: 834 838.
14. Erkol H, Kahramansoy N, Kordon Ö, Büyükaşık O, Serin E, Kükner A. Efect of beta-glucan in lung damage secondary to experimental obstructive jaundice. Turk J Gastroenterol 2012; 23: 3845.
15. Rahman I, MacNee W. Oxidative stress and regulation of glutathione in lung infammation. Eur Respir J 2000; 16: 534 554.
16. Hetland G, Ohno N, Aaberge IS, Lovik M. Protective efect of β-glucan against systemic Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2000; 27: 111116.
17. Chen J, Seviour R. Medicinal importance of fungal β-(1-->3), (1-->6)-glucans. Mycol Res 2007; 111: 635652.
18. Jung K, Ha Y, Ha SK, Han DU, Kim DW, Moon WK, Chae C. Antiviral efect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-glucan to swine infuenza virus by increased production of interferon-gamma and nitric oxide. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2004; 51: 7276.
19. Sener G, Sert G, Ozer Sehirli A, Arbak S, Uslu B, Gedik N, Ayanoglu-Dulger G. Pressure ulcer-induced oxidative organ injury is ameliorated by β-glucan treatment in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6: 724732.
20. Babayigit H, Kucuk C, Sozuer E, Yazici C, Kose K, Akgun H. Protective efect of β-glucan on lung injury afer cecal ligation and puncture in rats. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31: 865870.
21. Gulmen S, Kiris I, Kocyigit A, Dogus DK, Ceylan BG, Meteoglu I. β-Glucan protects against lung injury induced by abdominal aortic ischemia-reperfusion in rats. J Surg Res 2010; 164: 325 332.
22. Dellinger EP, Babineau TJ, Bleicher P, Kaiser AB, Seibert GB, Postier RG, Vogel SB, Norman J, Kaufman D, Galandiuk S et al. Efect of PGG-glucan on the rate of serious postoperative infection or death observed afer high-risk gastrointestinal operations. Betafectin Gastrointestinal Study Group. Arch Surg 1999; 134: 977983.
23. Bedirli A, Kerem M, Pasaoglu H, Akyurek N, Tezcaner T, Elbeg S, Memis L, Sakrak. Beta-glucan attenuates infammatory cytokine release and prevents acute lung injury in an experimental model of sepsis. Shock 2007; 27: 397401.
24. Das BK, Pattnaik P, Debnath C, Swain DK, Pradhan J. Efect of β-glucan on the immune response of early stage of Anabas testudineus (Bloch) challenged with fungus Saprolegnia parasitica. Springerplus 2013; 2: 197.
25. Engstad CS, Engstad RE, Olsen JO, Osterud B. Te efect of soluble beta-1,3-glucan and lipopolysaccharide on cytokine production and coagulation activation in whole blood. Int Immunopharmacol 2002; 2: 15851597.
26. Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, van de Veerdonk FL, Mouktaroudi M, Rafogiannis M, Antonopoulou A, Joosten LA, Pickkers P, Savva A, Georgitsi M, van der Meer JW et al. Inhibition of caspase-1 activation in Gram-negative sepsis and experimental endotoxemia. Crit Care 2011; 15: R27.
27. Frazier WJ, Hall MW. Immunoparalysis and adverse outcomes from critical illness. Pediatr Clin North Am 2008; 55: 647668.
28. Wirtz DC, Heller KD, Miltner O, Zilkens KW, Wolf JM. Interleukin-6: a potential infammatory marker afer total joint replacement. Int Orthop 2000; 24: 194196.
29. Standage SW, Wong HR. Biomarkers for pediatric sepsis and septic shock. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ter 2011; 9: 7179.
30. Samuelsen AB, Rieder A, Grimmer S, Michaelsen TE, Knutsen SH. Immunomodulatory activity of dietary fber: arabinoxylan and mixed-linked beta-glucan isolated from barley show modest activities in vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12: 570587.
31. Teuwissen E, Plat J, Mensink RP. Consumption of oat beta-glucan with or without plant stanols did not infuence infammatory markers in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53: 370376.
32. Queenan KM, Stewart ML, Smith KN, Tomas W, Fulcher RG, Slavin JL. Concentrated oat β-glucan, a fermentable fber, lowers serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults in a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2007; 6: 6.
33. Pionnier N, Falco A, Miest J, Frost P, Irnazarow I, Shrive A, Hoole D. Dietary β-glucan stimulate complement and C-reactive protein acute phase responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio ) during an Aeromonas salmonicida infection. Fish Shellfsh Immunol 2013; 34: 819831.