Erdem DEVECİ, Erol OZAN, İsmet KIRPINAR, Meltem ORAL, Ali Gökhan DALOĞLU, Nazan AYDIN, Ahmet ÖZTÜRK -

Neurocognitive functioning in young high-risk offspring having a parent with bipolar I disorder

To investigate attention, memory, verbal-linguistic ability, and executive functions in symptom-free young offspring having a parent with bipolar I disorder (BD1O) in comparison with healthy controls (CO). Materials and methods: Thirty symptom-free BD1O and 37 CO were recruited. The groups (both all participants and those >=11 years of age) were well-matched for age, sex, IQ, and years of education. The neurocognitive battery included the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning and Memory Test, Controlled Word Association Test, Digit Span Test, Trail Making Test, Auditory Consonant Trigram Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Test, and Test of Variables of Attention. Results: The BD1O group demonstrated impairments in psychomotor speed, focused attention, verbal attention, phonemic verbal fluency, short-term memory, and learning functions and performed marginally worse in divided attention, information processing, and working memory. No group difference was found in sustained attention, executive functions, or alternating attention. Conclusion: Divided attention, information processing, and working memory seem to be important in evaluating the cognitive pathology before the onset of affective psychopathology.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Bipolar I disorder, offspring, high-risk, neurocognitive functioning, endophenotype

Neurocognitive functioning in young high-risk offspring having a parent with bipolar I disorder

Keywords:

Key words: Bipolar I disorder, offspring, high-risk, neurocognitive functioning, endophenotype,

PDF

___

Balanzá-Martínez V, Rubio C, Selva-Vera G, Martinez-Aran A, Sánchez-Moreno J, Salazar-Fraile J et al. Neurocognitive endophenotypes (endophenocognitypes) from studies of relatives of bipolar disorder subjects: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008; 32: 1426–38.
Szatmari P, Maziade M, Zwaigenbaum L, Mérette C, Roy MA, Joober R et al. Informative phenotypes for genetic studies of psychiatric disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B: 581–8.
Gottesman II, Shields J. Genetic theorizing and schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1973; 122: 15–30.
Gottesman II, Gould TD. The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160: 636–45.
Ozan E, Yıldırım S, Tatar A, Canpolat S, Yazıcı AB, Yüksel S et al. Sex- and diagnosis-related differences in nostril dominance may be associated with hemisphere dysfunction in affective disorders. Turk J Med Sci 2012; 42: 25–30.
Murphy FC, Sahakian BJ, Rubinsztein JS, Michael A, Rogers RD, Robbins TW et al. Emotional bias and inhibitory control processes in mania and depression. Psychol Med 1999; 29: 1307–21.
Rossi A, Arduini L, Daneluzzo E, Bustini M, Prosperini P, Stratta P. Cognitive function in euthymic bipolar patients, stabilized schizophrenic patients, and healthy controls. J Psychiatr Res 2000; 34: 333–9.
Sigurdsson E, Fombonne E, Sayal K, Checkley S. Neurodevelopmental antecedents of early-onset bipolar affective disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 174: 121–7.
Yurgelun-Todd DA, Gruber SA, Kanayama G, Killgore WD, Baird AA, Young AD. fMRI during affect discrimination in bipolar affective disorder. Bipolar Disord 2000; 2: 237–48.
Martínez-Arán A, Vieta E, Colom F, Torrent C, SánchezMoreno J, Reinares M et al. Cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients: implications for clinical and functional outcome. Bipolar Disord 2004; 6: 224–32.
Robinson LJ, Ferrier IN. Evolution of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of cross-sectional evidence. Bipolar Disord 2006; 8: 103–16.
Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Balanzá-Martínez V, Sánchez-Moreno J, Martinez-Aran A, Salazar-Fraile J, Selva-Vera G et al. Neurocognitive and clinical predictors of functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder at oneyear follow-up. J Affect Disord 2008; 109: 286–99.
Savitz J, Solms M, Ramesar R. Neuropsychological dysfunction in bipolar affective disorder: a critical opinion. Bipolar Disord 2005; 7: 216–35.
Cornblatt B, Obuchowski M. Update of high-risk research: 1987–1997. Int Rev Psychiatry 1997; 9: 437–47.
Bora E, Yucel M, Pantelis C. Cognitive endophenotypes of bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis of neuropsychological deficits in euthymic patients and their first-degree relatives. J Affect Disord 2009; 113: 1–20.
Kéri S, Kelemen O, Benedek G, Janka Z. Different trait markers for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a neurocognitive approach. Psychol Med 2001; 31: 915–22.
Zalla T, Joyce C, Szöke A, Schürhoff F, Pillon B, Komano O et al. Executive dysfunctions as potential markers of familial vulnerability to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Psychiatr Res 2004; 121: 207–17.
Antila M, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Kieseppä T, Eerola M, Partonen T, Lönnqvist J. Cognitive functioning in patients with familial bipolar I disorder and their unaffected relatives. Psychol Med 2007; 37: 679–87.
Arts B, Jabben N, Krabbendam L, van Os J. Meta-analyses of cognitive functioning in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives. Psychol Med 2008; 38: 771–85.
Glahn DC, Almasy L, Barguil M, Hare E, Peralta JM, Kent JW Jr et al. Neurocognitive endophenotypes for bipolar disorder identified in multiplex multigenerational families. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010; 67: 168–77.
Winters KC, Stone AA, Weintraub S, Neale JM. Cognitive and attentional deficits in children vulnerable to psychopathology. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1981; 9: 435–53.
Harvey PD, Weintraub S, Neale JM. Speech competence of children vulnerable to psychopathology. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1982; 10: 373–87.
Kron L, Decina P, Kestenbaum CJ, Farber S, Gargan M, Fieve R. The offspring of bipolar manic-depressives: clinical features. Adolesc Psychiatry 1982; 10: 273–91.
McDonough-Ryan P, DelBello M, Shear PK, Ris MD, Soutullo C, Strakowski SM. Academic and cognitive abilities in children of parents with bipolar disorder: a test of the nonverbal learning disability model. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2002; 24: 280–5.
Klimes-Dougan B, Ronsaville D, Wiggs EA, Martinez PE. Neuropsychological functioning in adolescent children of mothers with a history of bipolar or major depressive disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60: 957–65.
Maziade M, Rouleau N, Cellard C, Battaglia M, Paccalet T, Moreau I et al. Young offspring at genetic risk of adult psychoses: the form of the trajectory of IQ or memory may orient to the right dysfunction at the right time. PLoS ONE 2011; 6: e19153.
Tsuang MT, Stone WS, Faraone SV. Schizophrenia: a review of genetic studies. Harv Rev Psychiatry 1999; 7: 185–207.
Ozan E, Deveci E, Oral M, Karahan U, Oral E, Aydın N et al. Neurocognitive functioning in a group of offspring genetically at high-risk for schizophrenia in Eastern Turkey. Brain Res Bull 2010; 82: 218–23.
Korkman M, Kemp SL, Kirk U. Effects of age on neurocognitive measures of children ages 5 to 12: a cross-sectional study on 800 children from the United States. Dev Neuropsychol 2001; 20: 331–54
Passler MA, Isaac W, Hynd GW. Neuropsychological development of behavior attributed to frontal lobe functioning in children. Dev Neuropsychol 1985; 1: 349–70.
Paniak C, Miller HB, Murphy D, Patterson L, Keizer J. Canadian developmental norms for 9-14 year-olds on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Can J Rehabil 1996; 9: 233–7.
Spreen O, Strauss E. A compendium of neuropsychological tests. Administration, norms and commentary. New York: Oxford University Press; 1991.
Harris ME, Ivnik RJ, Smith GE. Mayo’s Older Americans Normative Studies: expanded AVLT Recognition Trial norms for ages 57 to 98. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2002; 24: 214–20.
Umaç A. Normal deneklerde frontal hasarlara duyarlı bazı testlerde performansa yaş ve eğitimin etkisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Psikoloji Bölümü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul; 1997.
Wechsler D. Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. San Antonio (TX): The Psychological Corporation; 1987.
Lezak MD. Neuropsychological assessment. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995.
Reitan RM, Wolfson D. The Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery. Tucson (AZ): Neuropsychological Press; 1985.
Yalçın K, Karakaş S. Change with age of information processing meta-operations in children. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2008; 19: 257–65.
Greenberg LM. T.O.V.A. interpretation manual. Minneapolis (MN): University of Minnesota; 1991.
Maziade M, Rouleau N, Gingras N, Boutin P, Paradis ME, Jomphe V et al. Shared neurocognitive dysfunctions in young offspring at extreme risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in eastern Quebec multigenerational families. Schizophr Bull 2009; 35: 919–30.
Faraone SV, Seidman LJ, Kremen WS, Toomey R, Pepple JR, Tsuang MT. Neuropsychologic functioning among the nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients: the effect of genetic loading. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48: 120–6.
Meyer SE, Carlson GA, Wiggs EA, Martinez PE, Ronsaville DS, Klimes-Dougan B et al. A prospective study of the association among impaired executive functioning, childhood attentional problems, and the development of bipolar disorder. Dev Psychopathol 2004; 16: 461–76.
Giedd JN. Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain. Ann NY Acad Sci 2004; 1021: 77–85.
Kremen WS, Faraone SV, Seidman LJ, Pepple JR, Tsuang MT. Neuropsychological risk indicators for schizophrenia: a preliminary study of female relatives of schizophrenic and bipolar probands. Psychiatr Res 1998; 79: 227–40.
Gourovitch ML, Torrey EF, Gold JM, Randolph C, Weinberger DR, Goldberg TE. Neuropsychological performance of monozygotic twins discordant for bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45: 639–46.
Kieseppä T, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Haukka J, Van Erp T, Glahn D, Cannon TD et al. Memory and verbal learning functions in twins with bipolar-I disorder, and the role of informationprocessing speed. Psychol Med 2005; 35: 205–15.
Sobczak S, Honig A, Schmitt JAJ, Riedel WJ. Pronounced cognitive deficits following an intravenous L-tryptophan challenge in first-degree relatives of bipolar patients compared to healthy controls. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28: 711–
Ferrier IN, Chowdhury R, Thompson JM, Watson S, Young AH. Neurocognitive function in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder: a preliminary report. Bipolar Disord 2004; 6: 319–22.
McIntosh AM, Harrison LK, Forrester K, Lawrie SM, Johnstone EC. Neuropsychological impairments in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives. Br J Psychiatry 2005; 186: 378–85.
Clark L, Sarna A, Goodwin GM. Impairment of executive function but not memory in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar I disorder and in euthymic patients with unipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 1980–2.
Glahn DC, Bearden CE, Niendam TA, Escamilla MA. The feasibility of neuropsychological endophenotypes in the search for genes associated with bipolar affective disorder. Bipolar Disord 2004; 6: 171–182.