Investigation of the frequency of the mutant CCR5-Δ32 allele related to HIV resistance in Turkey

Aim: To determine the frequency with which the CCR5-Δ32 mutant allele caused resistance to HIV, which is main agent of AIDS in all geographic regions of Turkey. Materials and methods: Randomly selected human blood samples from 400 healthy individuals were collected. The polymerase chain reaction method was used to determine the CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism and samples were screened using 2 primers. Results: The frequency of wild alleles was found to be 0.9738 and the frequency of mutant alleles was found to be 0.0262. The highest frequency of the CCR5-Δ32 allele was found to be 0.0726 in the Central Anatolia region. The lowest frequency of the CCR5-Δ32 allele was found to be 0.0093 in the Southeast Anatolia and the Mediterranean regions. The mutant allele was not observed in any individuals from the Marmara region. Homozygosity was not observed in terms of this mutant allele in the individuals studied. Conclusion: According to the data obtained from this study, the frequency of CCR5-Δ32, except for in the Marmara region, showed parallelism with a decrease consistent with a north-south direction across the world. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of the CCR5-Δ32 allele, which is important for the evaluation of samples that are representative of all the geographic regions of Turkey

PDF

___

1. Samson M, Libert F, Doranz BJ, Rucker J, Liesnard C, Farber CM et al. Resistance to HIV-1 infection in Caucasian individuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR5 chemokine receptor gene. Nature 1996; 382: 7225.
2. Liu R, Paxton WA, Choe S, Ceradini D, Martin SR, Horuk R et al. Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection. Cell 1996; 86: 36777.
3. Güneş ÖS, Kara N, Bağcı H. The frequency of CCR5 delta 32 polymorphism in the central Black Sea Coastal Region in healthy population. Turk J Med Sci 2007; 37: 179.
4. Hutter G, Nowak D, Mossner M, Ganepola S, Musig A, Allers K et al. Long-term control of HIV by CCR5 Δ32/Δ32 stem-cell transplantation. New Engl J Med 2009; 360: 6928.
5. Kaptan F, Örmen B, Türker N, El S, Ural S, Vardar İ et al. Retrospective evaluation of 128 cases infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2011; 31: 52533 (in Turkish with English abstract).
6. Struyf F, Thoelen I, Charlier N, Keyaerts E, Van der Donck I, Wuu J et al. Prevalence of CCR5 and CCR2 HIV-coreceptor gene polymorphisms in Belgium. Hum Hered 2000; 50: 3047.
7. Gharagozloo M, Doroudchi M, Farjadian S, Pezeshki AM, Ghaderi A. The frequency of CCR5-32 and CCR2-64I in Southern Iranian normal population. Immunol Lett 2005; 96: 27781.
8. Martinson JJ, Chapman NH, Rees DC, Liu Y, Clegg JB. Global distribution of the CCR5 gene 32 base-pair deletion. Nat Genet 1997; 16: 1003.
9. Stephens JC, Reich DE, Goldstein DB, Shin, HD, Smith MW, Carrington M. Dating the origin of the CCR5-D32 aidsresistance allele by the coalescence of haplotypes. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 62: 150715.
10. Esbjornsson J, Mild M, Mansson F, Norrgren H, Medstrand P. HIV-1 molecular epidemiology in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: origin, demography and migrations. PLoS One 2011; 6: e17025.
11. Levene H. On a matching problem in genetics. Ann Math Stat 1949; 20: 914.
12. Nei M. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1973; 70: 3321-3.
13. Cao Y, Qin L, Zhang L, Safrit J, Ho DD. Virologic and immulogic characterization of long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. New Engl J Med 1995; 332: 2018.
14. Alkhatip G, Combadiera C, Broder CC, Feng Y, Kennedy PE, Murphy PM et al. CC CKR5: RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β receptor as a fusion cofactor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1. Science 1996; 272: 19525.
15. Feng F, Broder CC, Kennedy PE, Berger EA. HIV-1-entry cofactor: functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor. Science 1996; 272: 8727.
16. Lucotte G. Distribution of the CCR5 gene 32-basepair deletion in West Europe: a hypothesis about the possible dispersion of the mutation by the Vikings in historical times. Hum Immunol 2001; 62: 9336.
17. Değerli N, Yılmaz E, Bardakcı F. The Δ32 allele distribution of the CCR5 gene and its relationship with certain cancers in a Turkish population. Clin Biochem 2005; 38: 24852.
18. Libert F, Cochaux P, Beckman G., Samson M., Aksenova M, Cao A et al. The ΔCCR5 mutation conferring protection against HIV-1 in Caucasian populations has a single and recent origin in Northeastern Europe. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7: 399 406.
19. Christodoulou C, Poullikas M, Neumann AU, Kostrikis LG. Low-frequency of CCR5-Δ-32 allele among Greeks in Cyprus. AIDS Res Hum Retrov 1997; 13: 13734.
20. Battiloro E, Andreoni M, Parisi SG, Mura MS, Sotgiu G, Aceti A et al. Distribution of the CCR5 Δ32 allele in Italian HIV type 1-infected and normal individuals. AIDS Res Hum Retrov 2000; 16: 1812.