Final baricity of ropivacaine or bupivacaine combined with fentanyl for intrathecal administration
We determined the baricity of fentanyl-added bupivacaine or ropivacaine with or without dextrose by analyzing the specific gravity for a better understanding of the final baricity of the intrathecal drug combinations that are supposed to be used for surgery.
Final baricity of ropivacaine or bupivacaine combined with fentanyl for intrathecal administration
We determined the baricity of fentanyl-added bupivacaine or ropivacaine with or without dextrose by analyzing the specific gravity for a better understanding of the final baricity of the intrathecal drug combinations that are supposed to be used for surgery.
___
- Greene NM. Distribution of local anesthetic solutions within the subarachnoid space. Anesth Analg 1985; 64: 715-30.
- Hocking G, Wildsmith JA. Intrathecal drug spread. Br J Anaesth 2004; 93: 568-78.
- Vercauteren M, Coppejans HC, Hoff man VL, Saldien V, Adriansen HA. Small-dose hyperbaric versus plain bupivacaine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Anesth Analg 1998; 86: 989-93.
- Whiteside JB, Burke D, Wildsmith JAW. Comparison of ropivacaine 0.5% (in glucose 5%) with bupivacaine 0.5% (in glucose 8%) for spinal anaesthesia for elective surgery. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90: 304-8.
- Whiteside JB, Burke D, Wildsmith JAW. Spinal anaesthesia with ropivacaine 5 mg mL-1 in glucose 10 mg mL-1 or 50 mg mL-1. Br J Anaesth 2001; 86: 241-4.
- Levin F, Muravchick S, Gold MI. Density of normal human cerebrospinal fl uid and tetracaine solutions. Anesth Analg 1981; 60: 814-7.
- Heller AR, Zimmermann K, Seele K, Rössel T, Koch T, Litz RJ. Modifying the baricity of local anesthetics for spinal anesthesia by temperature adjustment: model calculations. Anesthesiology 2006; 105: 346-53.
- Lui AC, Polis TZ, Cicutti NJ. Densities of cerebrospinal fl uid and spinal anaesthetic solutions in surgical patients at body temperature. Can J Anaesth 1998; 45: 297-303.
- McLeod GA. Density of spinal anaesthetic solutions of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine with and without dextrose. Br J Anaesth 2004; 92: 547-51.
- Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ. Density, specifi c gravity, and baricity of spinal local anesthetics at body temperature. Anesth Analg 1993; 76: 1015-8.
- Arai YC, Ueda W, Takimoto E, Manabe M. Th e infl uence of hyperbaric bupivacaine temperature on the spread of spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2006; 102: 272-5.
- Chung CJ, Choi SR, Yeo KH, Park HS, Lee SI, Chin YJ. Hyperbaric spinal ropivacaine for cesarean delivery: A comparison to hyperbaric bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 2001; 93: 157-61.
- Gautier P, De Kock M, Huberty L, Demir T, Izydorczic M, Vanderick B. Comparison of the eff ects of intrathecal ropivacaine, levobupivacaine, and bupivacaine for caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 684-9.
- Ginosar Y, Mirikatani E, Drover DR, Cohen SE, Riley E. ED95 and ED50 of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine coadministered with opioids for Cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology 2004; 100: 676-82.
- Dalal P, Reynolds F, Gertenbach C, Harker H, O’Sullivan G. Assessing bupivacaine 10 mg/fentanyl 20 μg as an intrathecal dose. Int J Obstet Anesth 2003; 12: 250-5.
- Chestnut DH, Polley LS, Tsen LC, Wong CA. Chestnut’s obstetric anesthesia principles and practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Mosby Elsevier; 2009.
- Gunaydin B, Tan ED. Intrathecal hyperbaric or isobaric bupivacaine and ropivacaine with fentanyl for elective cesarean section. J Mat Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 23: 1481-6.