___

• Horn EP, Sessler DI, Standl T, Schroeder F, Bartz HJ, Beyer JC, Schulte am Esch J. Non-thermoregulatory shivering in patients recovering from isoflurane or desflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1998; 89: 878-886.
• Bay J, Nunn JF, Prys-Roberts C. Factors influencing arterial Po2 during recovery from anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1968; 40: 398-407.
• Macintyre PE, Pavlin EG, Dwersteg JF. Effect of meperidine on oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and respiratory gas exchange in postanesthesia shivering. Anesth Analg 1987; 66: 751-755.
• Hoshijima H, Takeuchi R, Kuratani N, Nishizawa S, Denawa Y, Shiga T, Nagasaka H. Incidence of postoperative shivering comparing remifentanil with other opioids: a meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth 2016; 32: 300-312.
• Song YK, Lee C, Seo DH, Park SN, Moon SY, Park CH. Interaction between postoperative shivering and hyperalgesia caused by high-dose remifentanil. Korean J Anesthesiol 2014; 66: 44-51.
• Komatsu R, Turan AM, Orhan-Sungur M, McGuire J, Radke OC, Apfel CC. Remifentanil for general anaesthesia: a systematic review. Anaesthesia 2007; 62: 1266-1280.
• Cartwright DP, Kvalsvik O, Cassuto J, Jansen JP, Wall C, Remy B, Knape JT, Noronha D, Upadhyaya BK. A randomized, blind comparison of remifentanil and alfentanil during anesthesia for outpatient surgery. Anesth Analg 1997; 85: 1014-1019.
• Crozier TA, Kietzmann D, Dobereiner B. Mood change after anaesthesia with remifentanil or alfentanil. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2004; 21: 20-24.
• Mollhoff T, Herregods L, Moerman A, Blake D, MacAdams C, Demeyere R, Kirno K, Dybvik T, Shaikh S, Remifentanil Study Group. Comparative efficacy and safety of remifentanil and fentanyl in ‘fast track’ coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized, double-blind study. Br J Anaesth 2001; 87: 718- 726.
• Rama-Maceiras P, Ferreira TA, Molins N, Sanduende Y, Bautista AP, Rey T. Less postoperative nausea and vomiting after propofol + remifentanil versus propofol + fentanyl anaesthesia during plastic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005; 49: 305-311.
• Martorano PP, Aloj F, Baietta S, Fiorelli A, Munari M, Paccagnella F, Rosa G, Scafuro M, Zei E, Falzetti G et al. Sufentanil–propofol vs remifentanil–propofol during total intravenous anesthesia for neurosurgery: a multicentre study. Minerva Anestesiol 2008; 74: 233-243.
• Coskun D, Celebi H, Karaca G, Karabiyik L. Remifentanil versus fentanyl compared in a target-controlled infusion of propofol anesthesia: quality of anesthesia and recovery profile. J Anesth 2010; 24: 373-379.
• Derrode N, Lebrun F, Levron JC, Chauvin M, Debaene B. Influence of peroperative opioid on postoperative pain after major abdominal surgery: sufentanil TCI versus remifentanil TCI. A randomized, controlled study. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 842-849.
• Apitzsch H, Olthoff D, Thieme V, Wiegel M, Bohne V, Vetter B. Remifentanil and alfentanil: sympathetic–adrenergic effect in the first postoperative phase in patients at cardiovascular risk. Anaesthesist 1999; 48: 301-309 (article in German with an abstract in English).
• Nakasuji M, Nakamura M, Imanaka N, Tanaka M, Nomura M, Suh SH. Intraoperative high-dose remifentanil increases postanaesthetic shivering. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105: 162-167.
• Alfonsi P, Sessler DI, Du Manoir B, Levron JC, Le Moing JP, Chauvin M. The effects of meperidine and sufentanil on the shivering threshold in postoperative patients. Anesthesiology 1998; 89: 43-48.
• Sessler DI. Opioids and postoperative shivering. J Clin Anesth 2016; 31: 42-43.
• Ikeda T, Sessler DI, Tayefeh F, Negishi C, Turakhia M, Marder D, Bjorksten AR, Larson MD. Meperidine and alfentanil do not reduce the gain or maximum intensity of shivering. Anesthesiology 1998; 88: 858-865.
• Kurz A, Go JC, Sessler DI, Kaer K, Larson MD, Bjorksten AR. Alfentanil slightly increases the sweating threshold and markedly reduces the vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds. Anesthesiology 1995; 83: 293-299.
• Nakagawa T, Hashimoto M, Hashimoto Y, Shirozu K, Hoka S. The effects of tramadol on postoperative shivering after sevoflurane and remifentanil anesthesia. BMC Anesthesiol 2017; 17: 1.
• Glass PS, Iselin-Chaves IA, Goodman D, Delong E, Hermann DJ. Determination of the potency of remifentanil compared with alfentanil using ventilatory depression as the measure of opioid effect. Anesthesiology 1999; 90: 1556-1563.
• Alfonsi P. Postanaesthetic shivering: epidemiology, pathophysiology and approaches to prevention and management. Minerva Anestesiol 2003; 69: 438-442.
• Rohm KD, Riechmann J, Boldt J, Suttner SW, Piper SN. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil is associated with a nearly twofold higher incidence in postanesthetic shivering than desflurane–fentanyl anesthesia. Med Sci Monit 2006; 12: CR452-456.
• Horn EP, Schroeder F, Wilhelm S, Sessler DI, Standl T, von dem Busche K, Schulte am Esch J. Postoperative pain facilitates nonthermoregulatory tremor. Anesthesiology 1999; 91: 979- 984.
• Guignard B, Bossard AE, Coste C, Sessler DI, Lebrault C, Alfonsi P, Fletcher D, Chauvin M. Acute opioid tolerance: intraoperative remifentanil increases postoperative pain and morphine requirement. Anesthesiology 2000; 93: 409-417.
• Sumie M, Shiokawa H, Yamaura K, Karashima Y, Hoka S, Yoshimura M. Direct effect of remifentanil and glycine contained in Ultiva® on nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord: in vivo and slice patch clamp analyses. PloS One 2016; 11: e0147339.
• Kleckner NW, Dingledine R. Requirement for glycine in activation of NMDA-receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Science 1988; 241: 835-837.