Zeynep BOR, Rana ARSLAN, Nurcan BEKTAŞ, Sevda PIRILDAR, Ali Aslan DÖNMEZ

Crataegus orientalis yapraklarının etanol ekstresinin antinosiseptif, anti-infl amatuvar ve antioksidan etkileri

Amaç: Crataegus (alıç) bitkisinin türlerinin yaprak, çiçek ve meyvelerinden hazırlanan ekstrelerinin ilaç olarakkullanımı çok eski zamanlara dayanmaktadır. Alıcın yararlı terapötik etkilerinin antioksidan içeriğinden kaynaklandığıileri sürülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Crataegus orientalis yapraklarının etanol ekstresinin in vitro antioksidan aktivitesininbelirlenmesi ve olası antinosiseptif, ve antiinfl amatuvar etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem ve gereç: Ekstrenin bu etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi için hot-plate, tail-immersion, kıvranma ve karragenin ileindüklenen pençe ödem testleri kullanılmıştır. Ekstrenin antioksidan aktivitesi 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil ve β-karotenlinoleik asit sistemi kullanılarak tayin edilmiştir. Antinosiseptif ve antiinfl amatuvar etkilerin belirlenmesi için uygulanantestlerde ekstrenin 50, 100 ve 200 mg/kg olarak hazırlanan dozları intraperitoneal olarak verilmiştir.Bulgular: Hot-plate testinde 100 ve 200 mg/kg dozlarında antinosiseptif etkide anlamlılık gözlenmiştir. Tail-immersiontestinde tüm dozlarda görülen antinosiseptif etki kontrole göre anlamlılık göstermiştir. Kıvranma testinde ise dozarttıkça kıvranma sayılarında önemli bir düşüş görülmüştür. Antiinfl amatuvar etki testinden elde edilen sonuçlar dozabağımlı bir etkinlik göstermiştir. Yapılan in vivo testlerde ekstrenin antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.Sonuç: Deneylerden elde edilen bulgulara göre, C. orientalis etanol ekstresinin antinosiseptif, antiinfl amatuvar veantioksidan aktivitelerinin dikkate değer olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Crataegus orientalis, alıç, antinosiseptif, anti-infl amatuvar, antioksidan

Antinociceptive, antiinfl ammatory, and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of Crataegus orientalis leaves

To determine the in vitro antioxidant activity and to investigate the possible antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of Crataegus orientalis leaves. The medicinal use of extracts prepared from the leaves, flowers, and fruits of Crataegus (hawthorn) dates back to ancient times. It has been proposed that its antioxidant constituents account for these beneficial therapeutic effects. Materials and methods: To evaluate these effects, the hot-plate, tail-immersion, writhing, and carrageenan-induced edema tests were used. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and b-carotene-linoleic acid assay systems. In the tests that were used to determine antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects, the extract was administered in dose ranges of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally. Results: In the hot-plate test, the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg exerted significant antinociceptive effects. In the tail-immersion test, antinociceptive effects were significant in all of the doses. In the writhing test, as the dose increased, a significant decrease in the writhing responses was observed. The antiinflammatory test results showed a dose-dependent antiinflammatory activity. In vivo tests also showed the extract as possessing antioxidant activity. Conclusion: According to the experimental findings, the ethanol extract of C. orientalis displays remarkable antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant activities.

Keywords:

Key words: Crataegus orientalis, hawthorn, antinociception, antiinflammation, antioxidant,

PDF

___

Yao M, Ritchie HE, Brown-Woodman PD. A reproductive screening test of hawthorn. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 118: 127- 32.
Barnes J, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. Herbal medicines: a guide for health care professionals. London: Pharmaceutical Press, Royal Pharmaceutical Society; 2002.
Bahorun T, Aumjaud E, Ramphul H, Rycha M, Luximon- Ramma A, Trotin F et al. Phenolic constituents and antioxidant capacities of Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn) callus extracts. Nahrung 2003; 47: 191-8.
Mills S, Bone K. Principles and practice of phytotherapy. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2000.
Vibes J, Lasserre B, Gleye J, Declume C. Inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in vitro by the main components of Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn) fl ower heads. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994; 50: 173-5.
Kao ES, Wang CJ, Lin WL, Yin YF, Wang CP, Tseng TH. Anti- infl ammatory potential of fl avonoid contents from dried fruit of Crataegus pinnatifi da in vitro and in vivo. J Agr Food Chem 2005; 53: 430-6.
Sözer U, Dönmez AA, Meriçli AH. Constituents from the leaves of Crataegus davisii Browicz. Sci Pharm 2006; 74: 203-8.
Dönmez AA. Th e genus Crataegus L (Rosaceae) with special reference to hybridisation and biodiversity in Turkey. Turk J Bot 2003; 28: 29-37.
Horoz M, Gok E, Genctoy G, Ozcan T, Olmaz R, Akca M et al. Crataegus Orientalis associated multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction and acute renal failure. Inter Med 2008; 47: 2039-42.
Melikoglu G, Mericli F, Mericli AH. Flavonoids of Crataegus orientalis. Boll Chim Farm 1999; 138: 351-2.
Evans WC. Trease and Evans’ pharmacognosy. Edinburgh: Saunders Ltd.; 2002.
Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. In: Packer L, editor. Methods in enzymology. San Diego (CA): Academic Press; 1999. p.152-315.
Akkol EK, Göger F, Koşar M, Başer KHC. Phenolic composition and biological activities of Salvia halophila and Salvia virgata from Turkey. Food Chem 2008; 108: 942-9.
Lorke D. A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Arch Toxicol 1983; 54: 275-87.
Eddy NB, Leimback D. Synthetic analgesics II. Dithienylbutenyl and dithienylbutylamines. J Pharmacol Exp Th er 1953; 107: 385-93.
Schmauss C, Yaksh TL. In vivo studies on spinal receptor systems mediating antinociception II. Pharmacological profi les suggesting a diff erential association of mu, delta and kappa receptors with visceral chemical and cutaneous thermal stimuli in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Th er 1984; 228: 1-12.
Koster R, Anderson M, Beer EJ. Acetic acid for analgesic screening. Fed Proc 1959; 18: 412.
Kasahara Y, Hikino H, Tsurufi ji S, Wanatabe M, Ohuchi K. Antiinfl ammatory actions of ephedrines in acute infl ammations. Planta Med 1985; 51: 325-31.
Yeşilada E, Küpeli E. Berberis crataegina DC. root exhibits potent anti-infl ammatory, analgesic and febrifuge eff ects in mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 79: 237-48.
Gyamfi MA, Yonamine M, Aniya Y. Free-radical scavenging action of medicinal herbs from Ghana: Th onningia sanguinea on experimentally-induced liver injuries. Gen Pharmacol 1999; 32: 661-7.
Oomah B, Mazza G. Flavonoids and antioxidative activities in buckwheat. J Agr Food Chem 1996; 44: 1746-50.
Wong CH, Day P, Yarmush J, Wu W, Zbuzek UK. Nifedipine- induced analgesia aft er epidural injections in rats. Anesth Analg 1994; 79: 303-6.
Pinardi G, Sierralta F, Miranda HF. Adrenergic mechanisms in antinociceptive eff ects of non steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs in acute thermal nociception in mice. Infl amm Res 2002; 51: 219-22.
Bardin L, Lavarenne J, Eschalier A. Serotonin receptor subtypes involved in the spinal antinociceptive eff ect of 5-HT in rats. Pain 2000; 86: 11-8.
Reisine T, Pasternack G. Opioid analgesics and antagonists. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, editors. Goodman and Gilman’s Th e pharmacological basis of therapeutics. New York: McGraw- Hill; 1996. p.521-6.
Hosseinzadeh H, Ramezani M, Salmani GA. Antinociceptive, anti-infl ammatory and acute toxicity eff ects of Zataria multifl ora Boiss extracts in mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 73: 379-85.
Nguemfo EL, Dimo T, Azebaze AG, Asongalemc EA, Alaoui K, Dongmo AB et al. Anti-infl ammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of the stem bark extracts from Allanblackia monticola STANER L.C. (Guttiferae). J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 114: 417- 24.
Taesotikul T, Panthong A, Kanjanapothi D, Verpoorte R, Scheff er JJC. Anti-infl ammatory, antipyretic and antinociceptive activities of Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 84: 31-5.
Collier HO, Dinneen LC, Johnson CA, Schneider C. Th e abdominal constriction response and its suppression by analgesic drugs in the mouse. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 1968; 32: 295-310.
Ismail TS, Gapalakrisan S, Begum VH, Elango V. Anti- infl ammatory activity of Salacia oblonga Wall. and Azima tetracantha Lam. J Ethnopharmacol 1997; 56: 145-52.
Ridtitid W, Sae-Wong C, Reanmongkol W, Wongnawa M. Antinociceptive activity of the methanolic extract of Kaempferia galanga Linn. in experimental animals. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 118: 225-30.
Olajide OA, Makinde JM, Awe EO. Eff ect of the aqueous extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark on carrageenan- induced oedema and granuloma tissue formation in rats and mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 66: 113-7.
Van Arman CG, Begany AJ, Miller LM, Pless HH. Some details of the infl ammation caused by yeast and carrageenan. J Pharmacol Exp Th er 1965; 150: 328-34.
Crunkhorn P, Meacock SER. Mediators of the infl ammation induced in the rat paw by carrageenan. Br J Pharmacol 1961; 42: 392-402.
Tosun M, Ercisli S, Sengul M, Ozer H, Polat T, Ozturk E. Antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of eight Salvia species from Turkey. Biol Res; 2009; 42: 175-81.
Rylski M, Duriasz-Rowińska H, Rewerski W. Th e analgesic action of some fl avonoids in the hot plate test. Acta Physiol Pol 1979; 30: 385-8.
Morteza-Semnani K, Mahmoudi M, Heidar MR. Analgesic activity of the methanolic extract and total alkaloids of Glaucium paucilobum. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2006; 28: 151-5.
Uchida S, Hirai K, Hatanaka J, Hanato J, Umegaki K, Yamada S. Antinociceptive eff ects of St. John’s wort Harpagophytum procumbens extract and grape seed proanthocyanidins extract in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31: 240-5.