Ayşe BARIŞ, Rabiye ALTINBAŞ, Sümeyye ŞEN, Recep ÖZTÜRK, Nuri KİRAZ

Comparison of the Sensititre YeastOne antifungal method with the CLSI M27-A3 reference method to determine the activity of antifungal agents against clinical isolates of Candida spp.

Background and aim: Infections caused by Candida species are significantly increasing today, and invasive Candida infections are generally associated with high mortality. Early diagnosis and identification of Candida spp. is important for the determination of antifungal agents that will be used for treatment. The aim of the present study was to provide a better regimen for Candida infections in the future. Materials and methods: The Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) method was compared with The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) reference broth microdilution (BMD) testing method. Endpoints of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for both methods. Results: By using both methods, MIC values of micafungin, caspofungin, voriconazole, and fluconazole were lower than amphotericin B. The values obtained with the SYO method were in high categorical agreement for ecinocandins and amphotericin B. The results of voriconazole and fluconazole were in low categorical agreement. The categorical agreement between the SYO and the BMD results at 24 h was 82.1% for VORI and 98.4% for AMB. Values obtained with SYO method for all antifungal agents were in high essential agreement with the data of the CLSI reference BMD method. The essential agreement between the SYO and the BMD results at 24 h was 94.0% for MFG and 99.0% for AMB. Conclusions: The SYO method was ready-to use, so it appeared to be easier and more efficient for Candida isolates.

PDF

___

1. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2007; 20 (1): 133-163. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00029-06
2. Tortorano AM, Kibbler C, Peman J, Bernhardt H, Klingspor L et al. Candidaemia in Europe: epidemiology and resistance. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2006; 27 (5): 359-366. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.01.002
3. Hospenthal DR, Murray CK, Rinaldi MG. The role of antifungal susceptibility testing in the therapy of candidiasis. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 2004; 48 (3): 153-160. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2003.10.003
4. Pema´n J, Zaragoza R. Current diagnostic approaches to invasive candidiasis in critical care settings. Mycoses 2009; 53: 424-433. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01732.x
5. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard, 3rd edition, CLSI document M27-A3. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2008.
6. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. 4th informational supplement, CLSI M27-S4. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2012.
7. Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, Espinel-Ingroff A, Ghannoum MA et al. Multisite reproducibility of MIC results by the Sensititre YeastOne colorimetric antifungal susceptibility panel. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 1998; 31 (4): 543-547. doi: 10.1016/s0732-8893(98)00026-1
8. Hazen KC, Howell SA. Candida, Cryptococcus, and other yeasts of medical importance. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Laudry ML, Pfaller MA, editors. Manual of clinical microbiology. 9th ed. Washington DC, ASM Press; 2007: 1762-1788.
9. Larone DH. Medically important fungi, a guide to identification, 5th ed. Washington DC, USA: ASM Press; 2011.
10. Kiraz N, Dag I, Oz Y, Yamac M, Kiremitci A et al. Correlation between broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of caspofungin, voriconazole, amphotericin B, itraconazole and fluconazole against Candida glabrata. Journal of Microbiological Methods 2010; 82: 136-140. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.05.002
11. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Progress in antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida spp. by use of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution methods, 2010 to 2012. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2012; 50 (9): 2846-2856. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00937-12
12. Cuenca-Estrella M, Gomez-Lopez A, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Bernal-Martinez L, Cuesta I et al. Comparison of the Vitek 2 antifungal susceptibility system with the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) Broth Microdilution Reference Methods and with the Sensititre YeastOne and Etest techniques for in vitro detection of antifungal resistance in yeast isolates. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2010; 48 (5): 1782-1786. doi: 10.1128/ JCM.02316-09
13. Pappas PG, Rex JH, Lee J, Hamill RJ, Larsen RA et al. A prospective observational study of candidemia: epidemiology, therapy and influences on mortality in hospitalized adults and pediatric patents. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2003; 37 (5): 634-643. doi: 10.1086/376906
14. Wey SB, Mori M, Pfaller MA, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP. Hospital-acquired candidemia. The attributable mortality and excess length of stay. Archives of Internal Medicine 1988; 148 (12): 2642-2645. doi: 10.1001/archinte.148.12.2642
15. Asmundsdottir LR, Erlendsdottir H, Gottfredsson M. Increasing incidence of candidemia: results from a 20-year nationwide study in Iceland. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2002; 40 (9): 3489-3492. doi: 10.1128/jcm.40.9.3489-3492.2002
16. Armstrong-James D. Invasive Candida species infection: the importence of adequate empirical antifungal therapy. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2007; 60 (3): 459-460. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkm260
17. Chen SC, Playford EG, Sorrell TC. Antifungal therapy in invasive fungal infections. Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2010; 10 (5): 522-530. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2010.06.002
18. Pfaller MA. Antifungal drug resistance: mechanisms, epidemiology and consequences for treatment. The American Journal of Medicine 2012; 125 (1): 3-13. doi: 10.1016/j. amjmed.2011.11.001
19. Posteraro B, Martucci R, La Sorda M, Fiori B, Sanglard D et al. Reliability of the Vitek 2 yeast susceptibility test for detection of ın vitro resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole in clinical ısolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2009; 47 (6): 1927-1930. doi: 10.1128/ JCM.02070-08
20. Tiballi RN, He X, Zarins LT, Revankar SG, Kauffman CA. Use of a Colorimetric System for Yeast Susceptibility Testing. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1995; 33 (4): 915-917.
21. Pfaller MA, Barry AL. Evaluation of a Novel Colorimetric Broth Microdilution Method for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeast Isolates. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1994; 32 (8): 1992-1996.
22. Cuenca-Estrella M, Gomez-Lopez A, Mellado E, RodriguezTudela JL. Correlation between the procedure for antifungal susceptibility testing for Candida spp. of the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and four commercial techniques. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2005; 11 (6): 486-492. doi: 10.1111/j.1469- 0691.2005.01166.x
23. Torres-Rodriguez JM, Alvarado-Ramirez E. In vitro susceptibilities to yeasts using the ATB1 Fungus 2 method, compared with Sensititre YeastOne1 and standard CLSI (NCCLS) M27-A2 methods. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2007; 60 (3): 658-661. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkm247
24. Eraso E, Ruesga M, Villar-Vidal M, Carrillo- Muñoz AJ, EspinelIngroff A et al. Comparative evaluation of ATB Fungus 2 and Sensititre YeastOne1 panels for testing in vitro Candida antifungal susceptibility. Revista Iberoamericana de Micología 2008; 25 (1): 3-6. doi: 10.1016/s1130-1406(08)70002-0
25. Pfaller MA, Chaturvedi V, Diekema DJ, Ghannoum MA, Holliday NM et al. Clinical Evaluation of the Sensititre YeastOne Colorimetric Antifungal Panel for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the Echinocandins Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, and Micafungin. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2008; 46 (7): 2155- 2159. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00493-08
26. Kucukates E, Gultekin NN, Alisan Z, Hondur N, Ozturk R. Identification of Candida species and susceptibility testing with Sensititre YeastOne microdilution panel to 9 antifungal agents. Saudi Medical Journal 2016; 37 (7): 750-757. doi: 10.15537/ smj.2016.7.13412
27. Pfaller MA, Espinel-Ingroff A, Jones RN. Clinical Evaluation of the Sensititre YeastOne Colorimetric Antifungal Plate for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the New Triazoles Voriconazole, Posaconazole, and Ravuconazole. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2004; 42 (10): 4577-4580. doi: 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4577-4580.2004
28. Bertout S, Dunyach C, Drakulovski P, Reynes J, Mallié M. Comparison of the Sensititre YeastOne® dilution method with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 microbroth dilution reference method for determining MIC of eight antifungal agents on 102 yeast strains. Pathologie Biologie 2011; 59 (1): 48-51. doi: 10.1016/j.patbio.2010.07.020
29. Siqueira RA, Doi AM, de Petrus Crossara PP, Koga PCM, Marques AG et al. Evaluation of two commercial methods for the susceptibility testing of Candida species: Vitek 2 ® and Sensititre YeastOne. Revista Iberoamericana de Micología 2018; 35 (2): 83- 87. doi: 10.1016/j.riam.2017.11.001
30. Pfaller MA, Chaturvedi V, Diekema DJ, Ghannoum MA, Holliday NM et al. Comparison of the Sensititre YeastOne colorimetric antifungal panel with CLSI microdilution for antifungal susceptibility testing of the echinocandins against Candida spp., using new clinical breakpoints and epidemiological cutoff values. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 2012; 73 (4): 365- 368. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.05.008
31. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Procop GW, Rinaldi MG. Multicenter comparison of the VITEK 2 antifungal susceptibility test with the CLSI broth microdilution reference method for testing amphotericin B, flucytosine, and voriconazole against Candida spp. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2007; 45 (11): 3522-3528. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00403-07
32. Espinel-Ingroff A, Pfaller M, Messer SA, Knapp CC, Killian S et al. Multicenter comparison of the SensititreYeastOne Colorimetric Antifungal Panel with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A reference method for testing clinical isolates of common and emerging Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., and other yeasts and yeast-like organisms. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1999; 37 (3): 591-595