The Effects of Sports on Oral and Dental Health

Giriş: Sportif faaliyetler; büyüme-gelişim çağındaki çocukların fiziksel, ruhsal ve kişilik gelişimi açısından yararlı bulunmaktadır. Sporun fiziksel gelişim üzerine etkisini inceleyen çok sayıda çalışma olmasına rağmen, ağız ve diş sağlığı üzerine etkisini inceleyen çalışma sayısı sınırlıdır. Amaç: Sporun ağız ve diş sağlığı üzerine etkilerini belirlemek ve bu açıdan, çocuklar ve gençler için doğru yönlendirmeler yapılabilmesine imkan sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Sportif faaliyetlerin ağız ve diş sağlığı üzerine etkileri ile ilgili literatür araştırması yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmalarda, spor yapan bireylerde; diş çürüğü oranı, dişeti sağlığı, diş aşınma miktarı, tükürük özellikleri, dişsel anomaliler ve dişlerin kapanış ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Diş çürüğü ve dişeti hastalıklarının, spor yapan bireylerde yaygın olarak görüldüğü rapor edilmiştir. Çürük ve dişeti hastalıkları ile ilgili risk faktörleri arasında; oral hijyenin yeterli düzeyde sağlanmaması, fiziksel aktiviteler ile tükürük salgısının azalması ve asidik sporcu içeceklerinin sık tüketilmesi bildirilmiştir. Sporcu içecekleri ve tükürük salgısının azalması, diş aşınmasında da etken olarak gösterilmiştir. Spor esnasında maruz kalınan travmalara bağlı olarak dişsel anomaliler meydana gelebildiği ifade edilmiştir. Bu travmaların çoğunluğunu kron kırığı, lüksasyon ve avülsiyon yaralanmaları oluşturmuştur. Diğer taraftan, profesyonel sporcuların çoğunluğunda, alt ve üst çene gelişiminin birbiriyle uyumlu, diş kapanış ilişkilerinin sorunsuz olduğu görülmüştür. Doğru nefes teknikleri, dil konumlanması ve hareketlerinin çene gelişimi ve dişlerin konumlanmasında önemli olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Sonuç: Sportif faaliyetler ile ilgilenen bireylerin ağız sağlığının iyi olması, sportif performansın ve başarının artmasına, moral ve özgüven derecesinin yükselmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Spor yapan bireylerde ağız sağlığının iyi olması için ise doğru beslenme alışkanlıklarının kazanılması, düzenli ve etkili oral hijyen sağlanması, diş travmalarından korunma yöntemlerinin kullanılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Diş hekimliği, Sağlık, Spor

The Effects of Sports on Oral and Dental Health

Introduction: During growth and development, sportive activities found to be useful for physical, mental, and personal development of children. Although many studies have examined effects of sports on physical development, few have examined effects on oral and dental health. Aim: To determine effects of sports on oral and dental health and to provide an accurate guidance for children and adolescents. Method: A literature review of effects of sportive activities on oral and dental health was performed. Results: In researches; dental caries, gingival health, dental erosion, salivary properties, dental anomalies, and occlusion status were examined in sporting individuals. Dental caries and gingival diseases were common in athletes, and risk factors included inadequate oral hygiene, decrease in salivation, and frequent consumption of acidic sports drinks. Sports drinks and decrease in salivation have also been shown to be factors for dental erosion. Dental anomalies have been stated to be able to occur due to traumas experienced during sports, which mainly include crown fractures, luxation and avulsion injuries. Besides, development of maxillary and mandibular arches were compatible with each other and occlusal relationship was favorable for majority of professional athletes. Correct breathing techniques, tongue positioning and movements have been emphasized to be important for jaw development and positioning of teeth. Conclusion: Good oral health of athletes contributes to an increase in sporting performance and success, as well as, a boost to morale and self-confidence level. For good oral health; suitable dietary habits, regular/effective oral hygiene habits, and preventive methods of traumatic injuries are necessary.

Keywords:

Dentistry, Health, Sports,

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Turkish Journal of Health Science and Life-Cover

ISSN: 2687-2730
Başlangıç: 2018
Yayıncı: Mümin POLAT

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