Temporal variations of phytoplankton in relation to eutrophication in Samsun bay, southern Black Sea

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çok az araştırılmış olan güney Karadeniz kıyılarında aylık fitoplankton değişimleri ve çevresel faktörlerle olan ilişkilerini belirlemektir. Karadeniz dünyadaki en ötrofik denizlerden biri olarak bilinir. Örnekler, Ekim 2002 ve Eylül 2003 tarihleri arasında seçilen 5 istasyondan ve 0,50 metre derinlikten aylık olarak toplanmıştır. Bu araştırmada 5 divizyodan 14’ü potansiyel zararlı tür olmak üzere toplam 129 taksa tespit edilmiştir. Toplam fitoplankton bolluğunda Ekim 2002, Mayıs ve Temmuz 2003 tarihlerinde üç artış belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu bulgular klorofil a (chl a) ve Shannon-Wiener (H’) biodiversite indeksi değerleri ile desteklenmiştir. Bölgenin trofik düzeyini belirlemek için TRIX indeksi kullanılmış ve bulgulara göre araştırma bölgesi yüksek oranda ötrofik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan Hiyerarşik Kümeleme ve Çok Boyutlu Ölçeklendirme ordinasyon analizlerine göre üç örnek grubu tanımlanmıştır. Belirlenen bu örnek grupları arasındaki farklılıklara yol açan türler, diyatomelerden, Dactyliosolen fragilissimus (Bergon) G.R. Hassle, 1997, Nitzschia longissima (Brébisson) Ralfs in Pritchard, 1861, Proboscia alata (Brightwell) Sundström, 1986, Pseudonitzchia pungens (Grunow ex P.T. Cleve, 1897) Hasle, 1993 and Skeletonema costatum (Greville) P.T. Cleve, 1878, dinoflagellatlardan Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg, 1833 ve euglenoidlerden Eutreptia lanowii Steur 1904 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Türkiye, ötrofikasyon, fitoplankton, zamansal değişim, Karadeniz, biyoçeşitlilik, Samsun

Güney Karadeniz, Samsun Körfezi’nde ötrofikasyona bağlı olarak fitoplanktonun zamansal değişimi

The goal of this study was to determine the monthly variations of phytoplankton composition in the least studied southern shores of the Black Sea with respect to environmental factors. This region is known to be one of the most eutrophic seas in the world. During the course of this research, carried out between October 2002 and September 2003, various samples were collected monthly from a depth of 0.50 m at five stations. A total of 129 taxa belonging to 5 divisions and 14 potentially HAB species was recorded during this research. Three peaks were observed in the total phytoplankton in October 2002, May and July 2003. These findings were also supported by chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations and the biodiversity index of Shannon-Wiener (H’). TRIX indices were computed in order to identify the trophic level of the region and the research area was determined to be highly eutrophic. Three groups of samples were described by Hierarchical agglomerative clustering and Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) ordination. Species displaying a major role in discriminating the groups were Dactyliosolen fragilissimus (Bergon) G.R. Hassle, 1997, Nitzschia longissima (Brébisson) Ralfs in Pritchard, 1861, Proboscia alata (Brightwell) Sundström, 1986, Pseudonitzchia pungens (Grunow ex P.T. Cleve, 1897) Hasle, 1993 and Skeletonema costatum (Greville) P.T. Cleve, 1878 from diatoms, Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg, 1833 from dinoflagellates and Eutreptia lanowii Steur 1904 from Euglenophyta.

Keywords:

Turkey, eutrophication, phytoplankton, temporal variation, Black Sea, biodiversity, Samsun,

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