Pollutants of textile industry wastewater and assessment of its discharge limits by water quality standards

Textile industry is one of the most important and rapidly developing industrial sectors in Türkiye. It has a high importance in terms of its environmental impact, since it consumes considerably high amounts of processed water and produces highly polluted discharge water in large amounts. Textile mills in Türkiye are required to control their discharge and therefore have started installing treatment plants in the name of environmental protection. The wastewater treatment plants of 11 textile mills in the woven fabric and knit fabric finishing industry were investigated in this study. Performances of the treatment plants were evaluated by in situ inspections and analyses of influent and effluent samples. The cost of the existing treatment plants is also evaluated. For the treatment of textile industry wastewater, biological treatment, chemical treatment and combinations of these are used. Plants utilizing biological treatment rather than chemical processes claim that their preference is due to less excess sludge production, lower operational costs and better COD removal in biological treatment. Waste water parameters in the effluent of biological treatment plants were in compliance with the ISKI (Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration) discharge standards. However, if sodium sulphate in dyeing process and sulphuric acid in neutralization processes are used before a biological treatment, sulphate in the effluent exceeds 1700 mg/l. This problem can be avoided by using HCl or CO2 rather than H2SO4 in neutralization and NaCl instead of Na2SO4, if the use of Na2SO4 is not necessary.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

taşkın, nehir ağzı toprakları, kirleticiler, su kalitesi, tekstil sanayi, fitoplankton, kıyı alanları, debi, atık su

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