A.S. KEFİ, J. OMBE KANG, D. KASSAM, C. KATONGO

Optimal dietary plant based lipid on growth of oreochromis andersonii (castelnau, 1861)

An experiment was set to determine the optimal plant based lipid of soy bean and maize on the growth and feed utilisation of Oreochromis andersonii. Three isonitrogenous diets containing 30% crude protein with increasing dietary lipid levels (10, 15, and 20%) were provided at 5% live body weight to triplicate groups of 10 fish replicated four times for 55 days. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth indices (final mean weight, body weight gain (BWG) and specific growth rate (SGR)) and feed utilisation (protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent feed conversion efficiency (AFCE)) determined. Second order polynomial regression of BWG on lipid level (Y = -0.0043x2 + 0.1284x + 21.499) showed 14.9% to be optimal. The most economical dietary lipid level is below 10% lipid level as indicated by the negative linear regression (Y = -0.1766x + 303.85). Of the lipid levels used, 10% appears to meet the minimum requirement for this species.

PDF

___

Ali, A., Al-Ogaily, S. M., Al-Asgah, N. A. and Ali, S. 2000. Effect of dietary lipid source on the growth performance and body composition of Oreochromis niloticus. Pakistan veterinary Journal, 20: 57-63.

AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 2002. Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington.

Bureau, D.P., Gibson, J. and El-monafi, A. 2002. Review: use of animal fats in aquaculture feeds. In: L.E. Cruz- Suarez, D. Ricque-Marie, M. Tapia-Salaza, M. G. Gaxiola-Cortes, N. Simoes (Eds.), Avances en Nutricion Acuicola VI. Memorias del VI symposium Internacional de nutricion Acuicola: 3-6 September 2001. Cancum Quitana Roo. Mexico.

Caballero, M.J., Lopez-Calero, G., Socorro, J., Roo, F.J., Izquierdo, M.S. and Fernandez, A.J. 1999. Combined effect of lipid level and fish meal quality on liver histology of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 179: 277-290. doi: 10.1016/S0044- 8486(99)00165-9

Chou, B.S. and Shiau, S.Y. 1996. Optimal dietary lipid level for growth of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus X Oreochromis aureus. Aquaculture, 143: 185-195. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(96)01266-5

Coutteau, P., Cdulamans, S., van Halteren, A. and Robles, R. 2002. Fish meal and fish oil in aquafeeds-how narrow is the bottleneck for marine fish? X international symposium of nutrition and feed in fish 1-7 June 2002, Rhodes, Greece. Poster no. 38.

De Silva, S.S., Gunasekera, R.M. and Shim, K.F. 1991. Interactions of varying dietary protein and lipid levels in young red tilapia: evidence of protein sparing. Aquaculture, 95: 305-318. doi: 10.1016/0044- 8486(91)90096-P

Du, Z.Y., Tian, L.X., Liang, G.Y. and Liu, Y.J. 2009. Effect of dietary energy to protein ratios on growth performance and feed efficiency of Juvenile Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The Open Fish Science Journal, 2: 25-31. doi: 10.2174/1874401X00902010025

Fafioye, O.O., Fagade, S.O., Adebisi, A.A., Oni, J. and Omoyinmi, G.A.K. 2005. Effect of dietary soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr) on growth and body composition of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell) fingerlings. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 5: 31-35.

Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. 1984. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. John Wiley and Sons. New York, 704 pp.

Hanley, F. 1991. Effects of feeding supplementary diets containing varying levels of lipid on growth, food conversion, and body composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture, 93: 323-334. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(91)90224-U

Guillaume, J., Kaushik, S., Bergot, P. and Metailler, R. 2001. Nutrition and feeding of fish and crustaceans, Praxis, Cornwall, United Kingdom, 408 pp.

Jauncy, K. 1998. Tilapia feeds and feeding. Pisces press Ltd, Stirling, Scotland. Jolly, C.M. and Clonts, H.A. 1993. Economics of Aquaculture, Food products Press, London.

Kefi, A.S. 2007. Selection of the pond-bred molluscivorous cichlid Trematocranus placodon (Regan, 1922) for four Gastropod species (Three bulinus species and Melanoides tuberculata) and their sizes. MSc Thesis, Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi.

Lim, P.K., Boey, P.L. and Ng, W.K. 2001. Dietary palm oil level affects growth performance, protein retention and tissue vitamin E concentration of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Aquaculture, 202: 101-112. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00563-4

Lovell, T. 1998. Nutrition and Feeding of fish, 2nd edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York., doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4909-3

Naylor, R.L., Goldburg, R.J., Primavera, J.H., Kautsky, N., Beveridge, M.C.M., Clay, J., Folke, C., Lubchenco, J., Mooney, H and Troell, M. 2000. Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature, 405: 1017-1024. doi: 10.1038/35016500

Ng, W.K., Tee, M.C. and Boey, P.L. 2000. Evaluation of crude palm oil and refined palm olein as dietary lipids in pelleted feeds for tropical bagrid catfish, Mystus nemurus (C&V). Aquaculture Research, 31: 337-347. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00437.x

Ochang, S.N., Fagbenro, O.A. and Adebayo, O.T. 2007. Influence of dietary palm oil on growth response, carcass composition, haematology and organoleptic properties of juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6: 424-429. doi: 10.3923/pjn.2007.424.429

Ricker, W.E. 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bulletin of Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 191: 209-210.

Ryan, T.P. 1997. Modern Regression Methods. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 672 pp.

Shearer, K.D. 2000. Experimental design, statistical analysis and modelling of dietary nutrient requirement studies for fish: a critical review. Aquaculture nutrition, 6: 91-102. doi: 10.1046/j.1365- 2095.2000.00134.x

Shiau, S. and Huang, S.L. 1990. Influence of varying energy levels with two protein concentrations in diets for hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus, reared in seawater. Aquaculture, 91: 143-152. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(90)90183-N

Shiau, S. and Lan, C. 1996. Optimum dietary protein level and protein to energy ratio for growth of grouper (Epinepheles malabaricus). Aquaculture, 145: 259- 266. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01324-5

Takeda, M., Shimeno, S., Hosokawa, H., Kajiyama, H. and Kaisyo, T. 1975. The effect of dietary calorie to protein ratio on growth, feed conversion and body composition of young yellowtail. Bulletin of the Japanese society of sciences of fish, 41: 443-7.

Uys, W. 1989. Aspects of the nutritional physiology and dietary requirements of juvenile and adult sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinius (Pisces: Clariidae). PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.

Yilmaz, E. and Genc, E. 2006. Effects of alternative dietary lipid sources (soy-acid oil and yellow grease) on growth and hepatic lipidosis of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerling: a preliminary study. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquactic Sciences, 6: 37-42.

Zeitoun, I.H., Ullrey, D.E., Magee, W.T., Gill, J.L. and Bergen, W.G. 1976. Quantifying nutrient requirements in fish. Journal of fisheries research board of Canada, 33: 167-172. doi: 10.1139/f76-019