Nutritional values of some non-conventional animal protein feedstuffs used as fishmeal supplement in aquaculture practices in nigeria

Four animal protein sources were cultured, processed and analysed for their basic nutrient values in comparison with the conventional clupeids fishmeal. The result of study showed that the clupeid fishmeal had the highest crude protein, 71.64% and unskinned-dried tadpole meal, 43.50% had the lowest value. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the crude protein composition of these animal protein sources. Termite had the highest crude lipid, 30.50% and garden snail the lowest value, 7.85%. Termite meal recorded the highest gross energy, 2,457.61 kJ/100 g while the lowest 1,639.63 kJ/100 g was from unskinned-dried tadpole meal. The highest sodium and potassium, 2.32 g/100 g and 2.23 g/100 g respectively were from garden snail meal while termite meal had the lowest sodium, 0.20 g/100 g and unskinned-dried and skinned tadpole meal had the lowest potassium, 0.21 g/100 g. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between the highest and lowest minerals for the animals studied. The highest total essential amino acids, 51.33 g/16 N g were from fishmeal and the lowest 19.84 g/16 N g from termite meal. Based on the results from this study, any of the understudied animal proteins have the tendency to supplement fishmeal in fish feed since they all have competitive nutrient values.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

besin analizi, yemler, balık unu, uçucu amino asitler, hayvansal kaynaklı yemler, besin değeri, protein zenginleştiriciler

PDF

___

Aduku, A.O. 1993. Tropical feedstuff analysis table. Department of Animal science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Allan, G.L., Rowland, S.J., Misford, C., Glendenning, D., Stone, D.A.J. and Ford, A. 2000. Replacement of fishmeal in the diets of Australian silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus. V. Least-cost formulation of Practical diets. Aquaculture, 186: 327-340.

Akpodiete, O.J. and Okagbere, G.N. 1999. Feed accessories from animal production. In: S.I. Omeje (Ed.), A compendium of ideas, fact and methods in the science and technology of Animal Agriculture Ran Kennedy. Animal Sciences, 71-82.

Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2000. Official methods of chemical Analysis. 17th Edition. , Washington, D.C., U.S.A.

Ayinla, O.A, Kayode. O. Idonibuoye-obu, T.I.E., Oresegun, A. and Adindu, V.E. 1994. Use of Tadpole meal as substitute for fishmeal in the diet of Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geofrey st, Hillaire, 1809). Journal of Aquaculture in the Tropics, 9: 25-33.

Barker, D., Fitzpatrick, M.P. and Dicrenfeld, E.S. 1998. Nutrient composition of selected whole invertebrates. Zoo. Biology, 17(2): 123-134.

De Silva, S. S. and Anderson, T.A. 1995. Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. Chapmann and Hall Aquaculture Series, Tokyo. 319 pp.

Devendra, C. 1988. General approaches to Animal Nutrition research and their relevance to fish production in the Asian region. In: S.S. DeSilva (Ed.), Finfish Nutrition Research in Asia. Heinemannn Asia Singapore, Singapore: 7-24.

Dynes, R.A. 2003. Earthworms – Technology information to enable the development of earthworm production. Publication No.03/085, 23 September, RIRDC, 1-33.

Fadiyimu, A.A., Ayodele, A.O., Olowu, P.A. and Folorunso, O.R. 2003. Performance of finishing broilers fed graded levels of termites meal as replacement for fish meal. Proceeding of the 28th Annual Conference of Nigerian society for Animal Production, 28: 211 -212.

Fasakin, E.A., Falayi, B.A. and Eyo, A.A. 2000. Inclusion of poultry manure in the diet for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linneaus). Journal of Fish. Tech., 2: 51-56.

Guerrero, R.D. 1983. The culture and use of Perionxy excavatus as protein resource in the Philippines. In: J.E. Satchell (Ed.), Earthworm Ecology, Chapman and Hall, London: 309-319.

Lieberman, S. 2002. Worms, beautiful worms. International worm digest, 11.

Lovell, R.T. 1978. Factors affecting voluntary consumption by channel catfish. Proceeding of the Annual conference of association of Fish and wild life agencies, 33: 563-571.

Madu, C.T., Sogbesan, O.A. and Ibiyo, L.M.O. 2003. Some Non-conventional fish feed resources in Nigeria. In: A.A. Eyo (Ed.), Proceeding of the Joint Fisheries Society of Nigeria/National Institute For Freshwater Fisheries Research/FAO-National Special Programme For Food Security National workshop on Fish feed development and Feeding Practices in Aquaculture held at National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, 15th -19th Sept. 2003. New- Bussa: 73-82.

Medina, A.L., Cova, J.A., Vidna, R.A., Pujic, P., Carlos, M.P. and Toress, V. 2003. Immunology and chemical analysis of proteins from Eisenia foetida, earthworm Food and Agricultural Immunology, 15(3-4): 251-263

National Research Council 1993. Nutrient requirements of fish . National Academy press. Washington, 114 pp.

New, M.B. 1987. Feed and feeding of fish and shrimp. A manual on the preparation and presentation of compound feeds for shrimp and fish in aquaculture. FAO ADCP/REP/87/26. Rome, 275 pp

Odaibo, B.A. 1997. Snail and Snail farming, Nigeria. Edible land snail. Stirling-Horden Publishers (Nig.) Ltd. Lagos, 29 pp.

Okoye, F.C., Eyo, A.A. and Aminu, N.G. 2001. Growth of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus hybrid fingerlings fed lipid-based diets. In: A.A. Eyo (Ed), Fish Nutrition and Fish feed technology. Published by Fisheries Society of Nigeria, Lagos: 52-57.

Omitoyin, B.O. and Faturoti, E.O. 2000. Effect of raw and parboiled chicken offal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus. Aquabyte, 1: 20-25.

Oresegun, A. and Alegbeleye, W.O. 2001. Serum and tissue thiocynate concentration in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed cassava peels based diets supplemented with D,L-methionine. In: AA. Eyo (Ed.), Fish Nutrition and Fish Feed. Published by FISON, Nigeria: 107-115.

Oyarzum, S.E., Grawshaw, G.J. and Valdes, E.V. 1996. Nutrition of the Tamandua: I. Nutrient composition of termites (Nasutitermes spp.) and stomach content from wild Tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyl) Zoo. Biology, 15: 509-524.

Oyelese, O.A., Taiwo, V.O., Ogunsanmi, A. and Faturoti, E.O. 1999. Toxicological effect of cassava peels on haematology, serum biochemistry, tissues pathology of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings. Tropical Veterinary, 17: 17-30.

Reinecke, A.J. and Alberts, J.N. 1987. The chemical and amino acid composition of the compost worm (Eisenia foetida Oligocheata) as potential source of protein for animal feed. S.A. Tydskrif Vir. Natuurwetenskap en Tengnologie, 6: 1-14

Seira, A.B. 1998. The use of golden snail (Pomacea sp.) as animal feed in the Philippines. Voedings Magazine, 11(6): 40-43.

Shiau, S. and Hseih, J. 2001. Quantifying the dietary Potassium requirement for juvenile hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O.aureus). British Journal of Nutrition, 85: 213-218.

Sogbesan, O.A. 2006. Effects of different organic substrates on growth and survival of long winged termite (Macrotermes subhyabrius) under laboratory conditions. African J. of Gen. Agricult., 2(2): 37-44.

Sogbesan, O.A. and Ugwumba, A.A.A. 2006. Effect of different substrates on growth and productivity of Nigeria semi- arid zone earthworm (Hyperiodrilus euryaulos, Clausen, 1842) (Oligochaeta: Eudrilinae). World Journal of Zoology, 1(2): 103-112

Sogbesan, O.A, Adebisi, A.A., Falaye, B.A., Okaeme, B.N. and Madu, C.T. 2006. Some aspects of dietary protein deficiency diseases in semi-intensive cultured fishes. A review. J. of Arid Zone Fish., 2(1): 80-89.

Sogbesan, O.A. and Ugwumba, A.A.A. 2007. Growth performance and nutrient composition of Bufo maculata (Linneaus) tadpole fed different practical diets as fish meal substitute. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6: 2177-2183.

Sogbesan,O.A., Ugwumba, A.A.A. and Madu, C.T. 2007. Growth performance and productivity of Limicolaria aurora (Jay, 1989) (Mollusca: Achatinidae) cultured in two different substrates under laboratory condition. ANNALS Science Research 2(3 ) (In-press)}.

Tacon, A.G.J. 1987. The nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimps - A training manual. 2. Nutrient sources and composition. Project GCP/RLA/075/ITA. Document No. 5, Brasilia, Brazil, 129 pp.

Tacon, A.G.J. 1994. Feed ingredients for carnivorous fish species. Alternatives to fishmeal and other fishery resources. FAO of United Nations, Fisheries Circular No.881. FIRI/C881, Rome, 35 pp.

Wee, K.L. 1988. Alternate feed sources for fin fish in Asia. In: S.S. De Silva (Ed.), Fin Fish Nutrition in Asia: Proceedings of the Second Asian Fish Nutrition Network Meeting. Tokyo: 25–41.

Wilson, R.P., Robinson, E.H., Gatlin III, D.M. and Poe, W.E. 1982. Dietary phosphorus requirement of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. J. Nutr., 112(6): 1197-1202.

Zeitler, M.H., Kirchgessner, M. and Schwarz, F.J. 1984. Effects of different proteins and Energy supplies on carcass composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) Aquaculture, 36: 37-48.