___

Alasalvara, C., Taylora, K.D.A., Zubcov, E., Shahidi, F. and Alexis, M. 2002. Differentiation of cultured and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): total lipid content, fatty acid and trace mineral composition. Food Chemistry, 79: 145-150. doi: 10.1016/S0308- 8146(02)00122-X

Ana, F., Isabel, F.S., Juan, A.S. and José, M.B. 2010. Comparison of wild and cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) quality. Food Chemistry, 119: 1514-1518. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.036

AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th edition, Washington, DC: AOAC

Badiani, A., Anfossi, P., Fiorentini, L., Gatta P.P., Manfredini, M., Nanni, N., Stipa, S. and Tolomelli, B. 1996. Nutritional composition of cultured sturgeon (Acipenser spp.). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 9: 171-190

Bing, X.W., Cai, B.Y. and Wang, L.P. 2005. Evaluation of nutritive quality and nutritional components in Spinibarbus sinensis muscle. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 12: 211-215

Bing, X.W. and Zhang, X.Z. 2006. Evaluation of Nutritional Components and Nutritive Quality of the Muscle of Oxyeleotris marmoratus Bleeker. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 36: 107-111

Børresen, T. 1991. Quality aspects of wild and reared fish. In: Huss, H.H., Jacobsen, M. and Liston, J. (eds.) Quality Assurance in the Fish Industry. Proceedings of an International Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, August. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1-17

Carlson, D.M. and Bonislawsky, P.S. 1981. The paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) fisheries of the midwestern United States. Fisherier, 6: 17-22

Chen, J.M., Ye, J.Y., Shen, B.Q., Pan, Q. and Wang, Y.H. 2007. A comparative analysis of muscle chemical composition of wild and pond-farmed Hemibarbus maculates (Bleeker). Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University, 16: 87-91

Chen, J., Liang, Y.Q., Huang, D.M., Hu, X.J., Yang, H.Y., Yu, F.H., Fang, Y.L. and Zhu, B.K. 2008. Studies on the body composition of different growth development of Polyodon spathula. Journal of Hydroecology, 1: 65-68

Codier, M., Brichon, G., Weber, J.M. and Zwingelstein, G. 2002. Changes in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in tissues of farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) during an annual cycle. Roles of environmental temperature and salinity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 133: 281-288. doi: 10.1016/S1096-4959(02)00149-5

Dillard, J.G., Graham, L.K. and Russell, T.R. 1986. The Paddlefish: Status, Management and Propagation. North Central Division, American Fisheries Society, Columbia, MO Date published

Dong, H.W., Han, Z.Z., Kang, Z.P., Qu, L., Guo, W.S., Yang, C.H. and Zou, Z.Y. 2007. Analysis on the rate of flesh content and nutritional value of paddlefish (Polyodon spathule). Freshwater Fisheries, 37: 49-51

Duyar, H.A. 2000. PhD Thesis. Department of Fisheries and Processing Technology, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Ege University, Turkey, 118

Gonza′leza, S., Flick, G.J., O’Keefe, S.F., Duncan, S.E., McLean, E. and Craig, S.R. 2006. Composition of farmed and wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19: 720- 726. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.01.007

Grigorakis, K. 2007. Compositional and organoleptic quality of farmed and wild gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and factors affecting it: A review. Aquaculture, 272:55-75. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.062

Gu, S.Y. and Zhao, Y. 2008. Comparison of Nutrient Components in the Muscle of Wild and Bred Takifugu obscurus. Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science, 36: 14562-14563

Guler, G.O., Aktumsek, A., Cakmak, Y.S., Zengin, G. and Citil, O.B. 2011. Effect of Season on Fatty Acid Composition and n-3/n-6 Ratios of Zander and Carp Muscle Lipids in Altinapa Dam Lake. Journal of Food Science, 76: 594-597. doi: 10.1111/j.1750- 3841.2011.02136.x

Gutierrez, L.E. and Silva, R.C.M. 1993. Fatty acid composition of commercially important fish from Brazil. Scientia Agricola, 50: 478-483

Haliloglu, H.I., Bayir, A., Sirkecioglu, A.N., Aras, N.M. and Atamanalp, M. 2004. Comparison of fatty acid composition in some tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) living in seawater and freshwater. Food Chemistry, 86: 55-59. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.08.028

Hang, X.M., Tang, Y.L. and Liu, X.H. 2001. Research Progress of Polyunsaturated fatty acid. Progress of Study in Bioengineering, 21: 18-21

Hansen, J., Berge, G.M., Hillestad, M., Krogdahl, A., Galloway, T.F., Holm, H., Holm, J. and Ruyter, B. 2008. Apparent digestion and apparent retention of lipid and fatty acids in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fed increasing dietary lipid levels. Aquaculture, 284:159-166. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.07.043

Ibeas, C., Cejas, J., Gomez, T., Jerez, S. and Lorenzo, A. 1996. Influence of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids levels on juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) growth and tissue fatty acid composition. Aquaculture, 142: 221-235

Ji, H., Sun, H.T. and Shan, S.T. 2011. Evaluation of nutrient components and nutritive quality of muscle between pond and cage-reared paddlefish (Polyodon spathula). Journal of Fisheries of China, 35: 261-267

Ji, H. and Wang, C.Z. 2009. China’s limited paddlefish culture focused on meat production. Global Aquaculture Advocate July/August: 30-32

Johnston, I.A., Li, X.J., Vieira, V.L.A., Nickell, D., Dingwall, A., Alderson, R., Campbell, P. and Bickerdike, R. 2006. Muscle and flesh quality traits in wild and farmed Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture, 256: 323-336. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.02.048

Lees, R.S., Karel, K., Mared, D. and Simoponlos, A. 1990. Omega-3 fatty acids in growth and development in health and disease N K INC. 115-116

Li, P., Rodina, M., Hulak, M., Gela, D., Psenicka, M., Li, Z.H. and Linhart, O. 2011. Physico-chemical properties and protein profiles of sperm from three freshwater chondrostean species: a comparative study among Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), starlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and paddlefish (Polyodon spathula). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27: 673- 677. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01634.x

Liang, Z.Q., Li, C.W., Ou, L.Y., Yu, C.S. and Chen, X.Y. 2009. Evaluation of Nutritive Quality and Analysis of the Nutritive Compositions in the Muscle of Sinilabeo decorus tungting (Nichols). Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, 31: 411-413

Liu, J.S. and Yu, Z.T. 1990. The paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) and its fisheries in U.S.A. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 14: 75-83

Luo, Z., Li, X.D., Bai, H.J., Yuan, Y.C. and Gong, S.Y. 2008. Comparison on nutrient composition and morphology between wild and cultured Synechogobius hasta. Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University, 17: 182-186

Ma, A.J., Chen, S.Q., Lei, J.L., Liu, X.F. and Wang, Y.G. 2003. The preliminary study on biochemical composition and its nutrition value of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Marine Fisheries Research, 24: 11-14

Ma, A.J., Liu, X.F., Zhai, Y.X., Liu, X.Z. and Zhuang, Z.M. 2006. Biochemical composition in muscle of wild and cultivated tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther). Marine Fisheries Research, 27: 49-54

Mao, G.X. and Zhao, W.L. 2000. Comparison on Muscle Quality of Longchang, Taihu and New Taihu Goose. Animal Science &Veterinary Medicine, 17: 16-19

Mattson, F.H. (translation by Xie N.), 1990. Effect of Monounsaturated fatty acids. Foreign Medical Sciences, 3: 160-162

Oliveira, E.R.N., Agostinho, A.A. and Matsushita, M. 2003. Effect of biological variables and capture period on the proximate composition and fatty acid composition of the dorsal muscle tissue of Hypophthalmus edentatus (Spix, 1829). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 46:105-114

Orban, E., Di, L.G., Nevigato, T., Casini, I., Santaroni, G., Marzetti, A. and Caproni, R. 2002. Quality characteristics of sea bass intensively reared and from lagoon as affected by growth conditions and the aquatic environment. Journal of Food Science, 67: 542-546. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb10635.x

Pellett, P.L. and Yong, V.R. 1980. Nutritional evaluation of protein foods. Tokyo: The United National University Publishing Company, 26-29

Peng, S.M., Huang, X.X., Zhao, F., Shi, Z.H. and Li, W.W. 2008. Comparison on the contents of the somatic amino acid both in wild and cultured young fish of silvery pomfret Pampus argenteus. Marine Fisheries, 30: 26-30

Peng, Z.G., Ludwig, A., Wang, D.Q., Diogo, R., Wei, Q.W. and He, S.P. 2007. Age and biogeography of major clades in sturgeons and paddlefishes (Pisces: Acipenseriformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 854-862. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.09.008

Qiaoben, F.L. (Translated by Cai W Q), 1980. Fisheries feed. Beijing: Agriculture publishing company, 114- 115

Rey, A.I., Lopez-Bote, C.J., Kerry, J.P., Lynch, P.B., Buckley, D.J. and Morrissey, P.A. 2004. Modification of lipid composition and oxidation in porcine muscle and muscle microsomes as affected by dietary supplementation of n-3 with either n-9 or n-6 fatty acids and α-tocopheryl acetate. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 133: 223-238. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.08.007

Rosen, R.A. and Hales, D.C. 1981. Feeding of paddlefish, Polyodon spathula. Copeia, 2: 441-455

Shen, S., Zhou, J.C., Zhao, S.M. and Xiong, S.B. 2009. The nutritional composition and evaluation of muscle of Polyodom Spathula. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, 31: 295- 297

Song, C.X., Wang, C.L., Shao, Y.W., Wang, J.W. and Fan, X.X. 2009. The Nutritional Compositions and Evaluation of Muscle between Wild and Cultivated Sepiella Maindroni. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, 31: 301- 303

Song, C., Zhuang, P., Zhang, L.Z., Liu, J. and Luo, G. 2007. Comparison of nutritive components in muscles between wild and farmed juveniles of Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis. Acta Zoologica Sinic, 53: 502-510

Steven, D.M., Andrew, L., William, L.S. and Boris, G. 1999. Frank Chapman Production of Paddlefish, SRAC Publication No. 437

Wang C., Mims S.D. and Xiong, Y.L. 1995. Consumer acceptability of paddlefish, a potential aquaculture species. Meat Focus International, 4: 8-9

Wesselinova, D. 2000. Amino acid composition of fish meat after different frozen storage periods. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 9: 41-48. doi: 10.1300/J030v09n04_05

William, E.B., Eric, K.F. and Lance, G. 1997. An overview of Acipenserformes. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 48: 25-71. doi:10.1007/0-306-46854-9_4 pp.25-71

Xiong, B.X., Mei, X.H. and Dai, Z.G. 2008. Review on introduction of paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) into China for 20 Years. Freshwater Fisheries, 38: 70-73

Yan, A.S., Xiong, C.X., Qian, J.W. and Wang, X.D. 1995. A Study on the Rate of Flesh Content of Mandarinfish and Nutritonal Quality of the Flesh. Tournal of Fisheries of Huazhong Agriculture University, 14: 80- 84

Yin, H.B., Sun, Z.W., Sun, D.J. and Qiu, L.Q., 2004. Comparison of nutritive compositions in muscles among six farmed sturgeon species. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 19: 92-96

Yin, H.B., Yin, J.S., Xu, W. and Sun, Z.W. 2003. Nutritive composition in muscles of wild and Cultural Ergthroculter ilishaeformis. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 10: 82-84

Yin, S.R., Liu, B.Z. and Liu, L. 2010. Analysis on Muscle and Cartilage Nutrition of Paddlefish. Beijing agricultural, 5: 12-14

Yin, S.R., Zhao, W. and Liu, B.Z. 2009. Biological Characteristics Adult Fish Aquaculture and Anatomy of the Digestive System of Paddlefish. Beijing agricultural, 11: 52-56

Zhang, C.Y., Li, L. and Li, C.F. 1988. Biochemistry (a second page). Beijing: the people hygiene press, 305, 561

Zhang, Q. and Wang, Y.L. 1996. Extraction and Analysis of Fat of S.aclls Linnaeus and H.japonicus Kaup. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 24: 139-143

Zhang, Z.P., Yu, Z.J., Xiao, Z.X., Qin, H.M., Wang, H. and Hong, Y.J. 2002. Analysis of Nutritive Compositions in Muscles of Xenocypris Davidi Bleeker. Water Conservancy Related Fisheries, 22: 1-2

Zhao, F., Zhuang, P., Song, C., Shi, Z.H. and Zhang, L.Z. 2010. Amino acid and fatty acid compositions and nutritional quality of muscle in the pomfret, Pampus punctatissimus. Food Chemistry, 118: 224-227. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.110

Zhuang, P., Song, C. and Zhang, L.Z. 2010. Evaluation of nutritive quality and nutritional components in the muscle of Glossogobius giuris. Journal of Fisheries of China, 34: 559-564

Zimmer, L., Delpal, S. and Guiloteau, D. 2000. Chronic n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency alters dopamine vesicle density in the rat forntal cortex. Neuroscience Letters, 284: 25-28