S. Senthil MURUGAN, R. KARUPPASAMY, K. POONGODİ, S. PUVANESWARİ

Bioaccumulation pattern of zinc in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch.) after chronic exposure

The pattern of zinc (Zn) residue in various tissues of Channa punctatus exposed to two treatments of zinc (6.62 and 13.24 mg L−1) for a period of 45 days was analysed. The concentrations of Zn was found to follow the order of liver > kidney > intestine > gill > muscle. Zn accumulated significantly (P<0.05) in all the tissues was studied except muscle tissue. Present findings revealed that liver and kidney are the prime sites of Zn accumulation and zinc load in the muscle was for low as compared to other organs. In the muscles of C. punctatus, 4.95 and 5.29 µg Zn g−1 was accumulated in fish exposed to lower and higher sublethal concentration of Zn at 45th day of exposure, respectively. These values were low as compared to 49.72 and 67.31 µg Zn g−1 of accumulated level in prime site of liver tissue of test fish exposed to lower and higher sublethal concentration of zinc, respectively. Further, a linear relationship of Zn accumulation with exposure concentrations was noted in all tissues of test fish. These data will constitute a reference for future studies on the evaluation of Zn accumulation tendency in relation to the ecotoxicological testing scheme for hazard assessment.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Channa punctatus, toksik maddeler, toksikoloji, organlar, çinko, tatlısu balıkları, maruz kalma

PDF

___

Adams, T.G., Atchinson, G.J. and Vetter, R.J. 1980. The impact of an industrially contaminated lake on heavy metal levels in its effluent stream. Hydrobiologia, 69: 187−193.

Bengari, K.V. and Patil, H.S. 1986. Respiration, liver glycogen and bioaccumulation in Labeo rohita exposed to zinc. Indian J. Comp. Anim. Physiol., 4: 79−84.

Brown, J.R. and Chow, L.Y. 1977. Heavy metal concentration in Ontario fish. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 17: 190−195.

Evans, D.W., Doo Do, K.D. and Hansan, P. 1993. Trace element concentration in fish livers: implication of variations with fish size in pollution monitoring. Mar. Poll. Bull., 26: 329−354.

Everall, N.C., MacFarlane, N.A.A. and Sedgwick, R.W. 1989. The interactions of water hardness and pH with the acute toxicity of zinc to the brown trout, Salmo trutta L. J. Fish. Biol., 35: 27−36.

FAO, 1975. Manual of methods in aquatic environment research, Part 1, Rome, 223 pp.

Finney, D.J. 1971. Probit analysis, 3rd ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, London, 318 pp.

Gbem, T.T., Balogun, J.K., Lawaland, F.A. and Annune, P.A. 2001. Trace metal accumulation in Clarias gariepinus Teugules exposed to sublethal levels of tannery effluent. Sci. Total Environ., 271: 1−9.

Heath, A.G. 1987. Water pollution and fish physiology. CRC Press, Inc., Florida, 245 pp.

Hofer, R., Bucher, F., Kock, G. and Weyrer, S. 1989. Fischpathologische untersuchungen in Traun and Ager. Institute of Zoology and Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Bericht an das Amt der Oberost, Landesregierung, Linz, Austria, 90 pp.

Hogstrand, C., Wilson, R.W., Polgar, D. and Wood, C.M. 1994. Effects of zinc on the kinetics of branchial calcium uptake in freshwater rainbow trout during adaptation to waterborne zinc. J. Exp. Biol., 186: 55−73.

Karuppasamy, R. 2000. Tissue histopathology of Channa punctatus under phenyl mercuric acetate toxicity. Bull. Pure Appl. Sci., 9A(2): 109−116.

Karuppasamy, R. 2004. Evaluation of Hg concentration in the tissue of fish Channa punctatus (Bloch.) in relation to short and long-term exposure to phenyl mercuric acetate. J. Plat. Jubilee A.U., 40: 197.

Kendrick, M.H., May, M.T., Plishka, M.J. and Robinson, K.D. 1992. Metals in biological system. Ellis Horwood Ltd., England.

Khare, S. and Singh, S. 2002. Histopathological lessons induced by copper sulphate and lead nitrate in the gills of fresh water fish Nandus. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 12: 105−111.

Mackay, N.J., Kazacos, M.N., Williams, R.J. and Leedow, M.I. 1975. Selenium and heavy metal in black marlin. Mar. Poll. Bull., 6: 57−60.

Madhusudan, S., Fatma, L. and Nadim, C. 2003. Bioaccumulation of zinc and cadmium in freshwater fishes. Indian J. Fish., 50(1): 53−65.

Matheissen, P. and Brafield, A.E. 1975. Uptake and loss of dissolved zinc by the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. J. Fish. Biol., 10: 399−414.

Murphy, B.R., Atcchison, G.J. and McIntosh, A.W. 1978. Cd and Zn in muscle of bluegill (Lepomis macrochrius) and Largemouth bass (Micropterus solmoides) from an industrially contaminated lake. Environ. Poll., 17: 253−257.

Pelgrom, S.M.G.J., Lamers, L.P.M., Lock, R.A.C., Balm, P.H.M. and Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. 1995. Interactions between copper and cadmium modify metal organ distribution in mature Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Environ. Poll., 90: 415−423.

Romanenko, V.D., Malyzheva, T.D. and YU Yevtushenko, N. 1986. The role of various organs in regulating zinc metabolism in fish. Hydrobiol. J., 21(3): 7−12.

Seymore, T., Du Preez, H.H., Van Vuren, J.H.J., Deacon, A. and Strydom, G. 1994. Variation in selected water quality variables and the metal concentrations in the sediment of the lower Olifants and Selati Rivers. South Africa Koedoe, 37(2): 1−18.

Spry, D.J., Hodson, P.V. and Wood, C.M. 1988. Relative contributions of dietary and waterborne zinc in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 45: 32−41.

Stonard, M. and Webb, M. 1976. Influence of dietary cadmium on the distribution of the essential metal copper, zinc and iron in tissues of rat. Chem. Biol. Int., 15: 349−363.

Sultana, R. and Rao, D.P. 1998. Bioaccumulation pattern of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in grey mullet, Mugil cephalus (L.), from harbour waters of Visakhapatnam, India. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 60: 949−955.

Vinikour, W.S., Goldstein, R.M. and Anderson, R.V. 1980. Bioconcentration pattern of zinc, copper, cadmium and lead in selected fish species from the Fox River, Illinois. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 24: 727−734.

Woodling, J.D., Brinkman, S.F. and Horn, B.J. 2001. Non uniform accumulation of cadmium and copper in kidney’s of wild brown trout Salmo trutta populations. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 40: 318−385.

Yamamoto, Y., Ishii, T. and Ikeda, S. 1977. Studies on copper metabolism in fishes. II. The site of copper accumulation in the tissues of carp. Bull. Jap. Soc. Fish, 43: 1327−1332.