A New assessment of heavy metal contaminations in an eutrophicated bay (inner Izmir Bay, Turkey)

Bu çalışmada İzmir İç Körfezindeki (Doğu Ege Denizi) mevcut ağır metalleri etkileyen jeokimyasal faktörler, kontaminasyon durumları ve bu metallerin dağılımları araştırılmıştır. 23 istasyondan yüzey sediment örnekleri toplanarak, bu örneklerde majör elementlerin (Al ve Fe), ağır metallerin (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Hg, Cr, Mn), organik karbon, karbonat, klorafil -a ve tane boyu dağılım analizleri yapılmıştır. Faktörleri kontrol eden metaller Pearson product-moment linear correlation ve Faktör analizi gibi istatistiksel metodlara dayalı olarak açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuçlar Pb, Zn, Cr ve Cd un organik madde tarafından yüksek derecede, Fe in ise daha düşük derecede kontrol edildiğini göstermiştir. Pb un ayrıca organik karbonun yanısıra karbonat ve Mn tarafından da kontrol edildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Cr ve Cd u kontrol eden diğer faktörler su kolonundaki uptake yoluyla chl-a ve bunu takiben sedimantasyondur. Cu ve Hg ise başlıca chl-a tarafından kontrol edilmektedir. Taşıyıcı fazların değişimi üzerine de bazı sonuçlar bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar İzmir İç Körfezi yüzey sedimentlerindeki birikimin Pb, Hg, Cd ve Zn tarafından baskın olduğu; Mn, Cu, Cr ve Fe açısından ise daha az etkilendiğini göstermiştir. Jeoakümülasyon indexi sınıflaması genelliklezenginleşme ve kontaminasyon faktörü ile uyumluluk göstermiştir. Jeoakümülasyon indeks değerleri 1994 ten -2008 e doğru Zn, Hg, Cr ve Cd açsından hemen hemen iki kontaminasyon sınıfı azalma gösterirken; Pb aynı derecede kalıp, Cu ise bir sınıf azalma göstermiştir. Genellikle, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg ve Cr kontaminasyonları medyan etki aralığı (ERM) değerlerinin altında bulunmuştur. Ağır metal kontaminasyonunun yayılımı ve derecesi tane boyu, organik karbon, karbonat ve klorifil-a gibi sedimentolojik parametrelerle önemli bir şekilde etkilenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Türkiye, ağır metaller, kurşun, mangan, kadmiyum, cıva, çinko

Eutrofik bir Körfezde (İzmir İç Körfez, Türkiye) ağır metal kontaminasyonlarına yeni bir yaklaşım

The distribution, controlling geochemical factors and contamination status of heavy metals in inner Izmir Bay (Eastern part of Aegean Sea) were investigated. 23 surface sediment samples were collected and analized for major elements (Al and Fe), heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Hg, Cr, Mn), organic matter, grain size composition, carbonate and Chl.-a. Metals controlling factors were elucidated based on statistical methods such as the Pearson product-moment linear correlation and Factor Analysis. The results illustrated that Pb, Zn, Cr and Cd are mainly controlled by organic matter and a lesser extent Fe. Pb also controlled by carbonate and Mn additionally. Other controlling factor on Cr and Cd are Chl.-a via uptake in water column and then sedimentation. Cu and Hg are mainly controlled by Chl.-a. Some evidences were found on changing of carrier phases. The results indicated that contamination of surface sediments in inner Izmir Bay is dominated Pb, Hg, Cd, Zn and to a lesser extent Mn, Cu, Cr and Fe. Igeo classification was consistent with the Enrichment Factor ans Contamination Factor classes generally. Geoaccumulation index values for Zn, Hg, Cr and Cd have decreased two contamination classes from 1994 to 2008, whereas Pb has remained the same and Cu has decreased only one class. Generally Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg and Cr contaminations were below effects range median values. The extent of heavy metal contamination and degree have been affected significantly by sedimentological parameters such as grain size, organic carbon, carbonate and chloropyll-a.

Keywords:

Turkey, heavy metals, lead, manganese, cadmium, mercury, zinc,

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