Merve Aliye AKYOL, Burcu AKPINAR SÖYLEMEZ, Özlem KÜÇÜKGÜÇLÜ

Erken ve Geç Başlangıçlı Alzheimer Hastalığının Bakım Veren Yükü Üzerine Etkisi

Giriş: Alzheimer hastalığı (AH), demansın en sık görülen tipidir. Görülme yaşı 65 yaş altındaki bireyleri etkilediğinde erken başlangıçlı AH (EBAH) olarak adlandırılmakta olup tanı konulan birçok kişi 40’lı ve 50’li yaşlarındadır. Literatürdeki birçok çalışma geç başlangıçlı AH (GBAH) olan bireylere bakım verenlerin bakım veren yükünü incelemekte olup bakım verme deneyiminin AH’nin başlangıç yaşına göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğine ilişkin belirsizlik sürmektedir. Amaç: Bu çalışma, toplumda yaşayan AH’li bireylere primer informal bakım verenlerin bakım veren yüklerinde hastalığın başlangıç yaşına göre farklılık olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada karşılaştırmalı tanımlayıcı araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 109 AH’li birey (34 EBAH ve 75 GBAH) ve bakım verenleri oluşturmaktadır. Veriler; sosyodemografik özellikler formu, Bakım Verenlerin Yükü Envanteri, Mini Mental Durum Testi, Nöropsikiyatrik Envanter, Barthel Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri ölçeği ve Klinik Demans Derecelendirme Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, t test ve ki-kare analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: EBAH’lı bireylere bakım verenlerin sosyal yük puan ortalamalarının GBAH’lı bireylere bakım verenlere göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (t=3,156, p=0,002). Ayrıca, EBAH’lı bireylere bakım verenler daha fazla gelişimsel, fiziksel ve toplam yük yaşamaktadır. Ancak istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar oluşturmamaktadır (p>0,05). Sonuç: AH’nin başlangıç yaşına göre bakım veren yükünde farklılıklar olacağı göz önünde bulundurularak bakım verenlerin ihtiyaçlarına göre uyarlanmış hizmetlerin sunulması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Alzheimer Hastalığı, demans, bakım veren yükü

Effects of Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease on Caregiver Burden

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Early-onset AD (EOAD) occurs when it affects someone under the age of 65, and many people diagnosed are in their 40s and 50s. Many studies in the literature examine the caregiver burden of people with late-onset AH (LOAD), and it is unclear whether the experience of caregiving differs according to the age of onset of AH. Aim: This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in the caregiver burden of primary informal caregivers of community-dwelling patients with AD according to the age of onset of the disease. Methods: A comparative descriptive study design was used in this study. The sample comprised 109 people with AD (34 EOAD and 75 LOAD) and their caregivers. Sociodemographic characteristic questionnaires, the Caregiver Burden Inventory, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Barthel’s Activities of Daily Living, and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale were used. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square were used to describe and analyze the data. Results: Caregivers of patients with EOAD had significantly higher scores for social burden than caregivers of patients with LOAD (t=3.156, p=0.002). Furthermore, caregivers of patients with EOAD experienced more developmental, physical, and total burden than caregivers of patients with LOAD. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Considering that there will be differences in the caregiver burden of AH according to the age of onset, it is necessary to offer services tailored to the needs of AD caregivers.

Keywords:

Alzheimer’s Disease, dementia, caregiver burden,

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