Real-time classification algortihm for recognition of machine operating modes by use of self-organizing maps

Real-time classification algortihm for recognition of machine operating modes by use of self-organizing maps

In this paper a new algorithm for classification and real-time recognition of different a-priorily assumed operating modes for construction machines is proposed. This algorithm utilizes the effectiveness of the Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) for creating the so called Separation Models, that are able to distinguish each operating mode separately. After training, these models are used in a real-time procedure, which calculates at each sampling time the minimal Euclidean distances from the current data point to a certain node of each SOM. Then the separation model (represented by a respective SOM) that has the least minimal distance to this data point defines the class of the current operating mode. Simulation results and extensive analysis, based on experimental data from a hydraulic excavator have shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms the standard one-model approach. It is faster in the terms of computation time for training and leads to a higher percentage of true recognitions.

___

  • References [1] J.K. Bezdek, Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Membership Function Algorithms, Plenum Pres, New York, 1981.
  • [2], Laurene Fausett, Fundamentals of Neural Networks: Architecture, Algorithms and Applications, Prentice Hall, 1993.
  • [3] S. Haykin, Neural Networks - A Comprehensive Foundations, Second Edition, Prentice Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1999.
  • [4] R. Goodman, CM. Higgins, J.W. Miller and P. Smyth, "Rule-based Neural Networks for Classification and Probability Estimation", Neural Computing, Vol. 14, pp. 781-804, 1992.
  • [5] A. Frosini, M. Gori & P. Priami, "A Neural Network-based Model for Paper Currency Recognition and Verifi¬cation", IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol. 7, pp. 1482-1490, 1996.
  • [6] T. Kohonen, "Self-organized Formation of Topologically Correct Feature Maps", Biological Cybernetics, Vol. 43, pp.59-69, 1982.
  • [7] T. Kohonen, "The Self-Organizing Map", Proc. IEEE, Vol. 78, No. N-9, pp. 1464-1497, 1990.
  • [8] J.A. Kangas, T.K. Kohonen & J.T. Laaksonen, "Variants of Self-Organizing Maps", IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol. 1., pp. 93-99, 1990.
  • [9] T. Kohonen, "Self-Organizing Maps: Optimization Approaches", in Artificial Neural Networks, Editors T. Kohonen et al., North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1991.
  • [10] G. Carpenter and S. Grossberg, Pattern Recognition by Self-Organizing Neural Networks, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991.
  • [11] T. Kohonen, Self-Organizing Maps, 2nd Edition, Springer-Verlag, 1997.
  • [12] E. Uchino, M. Kawamura and K. Nagata, "Dynamic Deletion of Units for Self-Organizing Map by Introducing a New Measure of Unit's Contribution to Learning", Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Systems (SOFT), Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 157-164, Dec. 2002.
  • [13] Ruei-Shan Lu, Shan-Lien Lo, Diagnosing Reservoir Water Quality Using Self-Organizing Maps and Fuzzy Theory, Water Research, Vol. 36, pp. 2265-2274, 2002.
  • [14] S.-L Jamsa-Lounela, M. Vermasvuori, P. Enden and S. Haavisto, "A Process Monitoring System Based on the Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps", Control Engineering Practice, Vol. 11, pp. 83-92, 2003.
  • [15] A. Walter and K.J. Schulten, "Implementation of Self-Organizing Neural Networks for Visuo-Motor Control of an Industrial Robot", IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 86-95, 1993.
  • [16] T.M. Martinetz, H.J. Ritter & K.J. Shulten, "Three-dimensional Neural Net for Learning Visoumotor Coordi¬nation of a Robot Arm", IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol. 1., pp.131-136, 1990.
  • [17] T.M. Martinetz and K.J. Shulten, "A "Neural-Gas" Network Learns Topologies", in Kohonen T., Makisara K, Simula O. and Kangas J., Editors, Artificial Neural Networks, North Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 387-402, 1991.
  • [18] T.M. Martinetz, S.G. Berkovich and K.J. Shulten, "Neural-Gas Network for Vector Quantization and Its Application to Time-series Prediction", IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol. 4, No. 4., pp. 558-569, 1993.
  • [19] T.M. Martinetz and K. J. Shulten, "Topology Representing Networks", Neural Networks, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp.507-522, 1994.
  • [20] B. Fritzke, "Growing Cell Structures - A Self-organizing Network for Unsupervised and Supervised Learning", Neural Networks, Vol. 7, No. 9, pp. 1441-1460, 1994,