Juan LATA GARCIA, Higinio SANCHEZ SAINZ, Christopher REYES LOPEZ, Francisco JURADO MELGUIZO, Luis FERNANDEZ RAMIREZ

Optimal sizing hydrokinetic-photovoltaic system for electricity generation in a protected wildlife area of Ecuador

Rural electrification is one of the most significant issues faced by electricity companies. For this reason, thesecompanies are choosing alternative sources to generate energy in isolated regions. Furthermore, hybrid generation systemsare an effective option for supplying protected areas. In this context, this research aims at designing an autonomoushybrid system to meet the annual electricity demand of the inhabitants of a national park. Fluvial and solar energiesare the best options to reduce environmental impact and to ensure the conservation of the endemic fauna and flora ofthe island at a low carbon footprint. The system comprises a series of subsystems modeled using commercial softwarefor sizing and optimization. The main generation subsystem contains a hydrokinetic turbine and photovoltaic panels,the storage subsystem contains a battery bank, and the backup subsystem consists of a diesel generator used in case oflack of energy from the rest of suppliers of the hybrid system. The main results of the simulation show an optimizedsystem that fulfills the energy demand while minimizing the use of the diesel generator to 5668 kWh/year (14.3%) ofthorough generation. The hydrokinetic generator supplies 20,330 kWh/year (51.4% of the total generation) and the solargenerator supplies 13,580 kWh/year (34.3%).

PDF

___

[1] Kaygusuz K. Energy for sustainable development: key issues and challenges. Energ Source Part B Econ Planning Policy 2007; 2: 73-83.
[2] Selim MYE, Elfeky SMS. Effects of diesel/water emulsion on heat flow and thermal loading in a precombustion chamber diesel engine. Appl Therm Eng 2001; 21: 1565-1582.
[3] Koko SP, Kusakana K, Vermaak HJ. Micro-hydrokinetic river system modelling and analysis as compared to wind system for remote rural electrification. Electr Pow Syst Res 2015; 126: 38-44.
[4] Vermaak HJ, Kusakana K, Koko SP. Status of micro-hydrokinetic river technology in rural applications: a review of literature. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2014; 29: 625-633.
[5] Luna-Rubio R, Trejo-Perea M, Vargas-V´azquez D, R´ıos-Moreno GJ. Optimal sizing of renewable hybrids energy systems: a review of methodologies. Sol Energy 2012; 86: 1077-1088.
[6] Montoya Ram´ırez RD, Cuervo FI, Monsalve CA. Technical and financial valuation of hydrokinetic power in the discharge channels of large hydropower plants in Colombia: a case study. Renew Energ 2016; 99: 136-147.
[7] Nema P, Nema RK, Rangnekar S. A current and future state of art development of hybrid energy system using wind and PV-solar: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2009; 13: 2096-2103.
[8] Cano A, Jurado F, S´anchez H, Fern´andez LM, Casta˜neda M. Optimal sizing of stand-alone hybrid systems based on PV/WT/FC by using several methodologies. J Energy Inst 2014; 87: 330-340.
[9] Bahramara S, Moghaddam MP, Haghifam MR. Optimal planning of hybrid renewable energy systems using HOMER: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2016; 62: 609-620.
[10] Lata-Garc´ıa J, Reyes-Lopez C, Jurado F. Attaining the energy sustainability: analysis of the Ecuadorian strategy. Probl Ekorozw 2018; 13: 21-29.
[11] Ahmadi S, Abdi S. Application of the Hybrid Big Bang–Big Crunch algorithm for optimal sizing of a stand-alone hybrid PV/wind/battery system. Sol Energy 2016; 134: 366-374.
[12] Merei G, Berger C, Sauer DU. Optimization of an off-grid hybrid PV–wind–diesel system with different battery technologies using genetic algorithm. Sol Energy 2013; 97: 460-473.
[13] Dufo-L´opez R, Bernal-Agustin J, Yusta-Loyo JM.Multi-objective optimization minimizing cost and life cycle emissions of stand-alone PV–wind–diesel systems with batteries storage. Appl Energ 2011; 88: 4033-4041.
[14] Lata-Garcia J, Reyes-Lopez J, Jurado F, Fernandez-Ramirez L, Sanchez H. Sizing optimization of a small hydro/photovoltaic hybrid system for electricity generation in Santay Island, Ecuador by two methods. In: IEEE 2017 Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies Conference; 18–20 October 2017; Pucon, Chile: IEEE. pp 1-6.
[15] Casta˜neda M, Cano A, Jurado F, S´anchez H, Fern´andez LM. Sizing optimization, dynamic modeling and energy management strategies of a stand-alone PV/hydrogen/battery-based hybrid system. Int J Hydrogen Energ 2013; 38: 3830-3845.
[16] Maleki A, Askarzadeh A. Artificial bee swarm optimization for optimum sizing of a stand-alone PV/WT/FC hybrid system considering LPSP concept. Sol Energy 2014; 107: 227-235.
[17] Lau KY, Yousof MF, Arshad SN, Anwari M, Yatim AH. Performance analysis of hybrid photovoltaic/diesel energy system under Malaysian conditions. Energy 2010; 35: 3245-3255.
[18] Khare V, Nema S, Baredar P. Optimisation of the hybrid renewable energy system by HOMER, PSO and CPSO for the study area. Int J Sustain Energy 2017; 36: 326-343.
[19] Khare V, Nema S, Baredar P. Solar–wind hybrid renewable energy system: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2016; 58: 23-33.
[20] Quej VH, Almorox J, Ibrakhimov M, Saito L. Estimating daily global solar radiation by day of the year in six cities located in the Yucat´an Peninsula, Mexico. J Clean Prod 2017; 141: 75-82.
[21] Mohanty S, Patra PK, Sahoo SS. Prediction and application of solar radiation with soft computing over traditional and conventional approach – a comprehensive review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2016; 56: 778-796.
[22] Kusakana K. Techno-economic analysis of off-grid hydrokinetic-based hybrid energy systems for onshore/remote area in South Africa. Energy 2014; 68: 947-957.
[23] Yuce MI, Muratoglu A. Hydrokinetic energy conversion systems: a technology status review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2015; 43: 72-82.
[24] Maniaci DC, Li Y. Investigating the influence of the added mass effect to marine hydrokinetic horizontal-axis turbines using a General Dynamic Wake wind turbine code. In: IEEE 2011 Oceans; 19–22 September 2011; Waikoloa, HI, USA, pp. 1-6.
[25] Lee HE, Lee C, Kim YJ, Kim JS, Kim W. Power law exponents for vertical velocity distributions in natural rivers. Engineering 2013; 5: 933-942.
[26] Manwell JF, McGowan JG. Lead acid battery storage model for hybrid energy systems. Sol Energy 1993; 50: 399-405.
[27] Mehrabankhomartash M, Rayati M, Sheikhi A, Ranjbar AM. Practical battery size optimization of a PV system by considering individual customer damage function. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2017; 67: 36-50.
[28] Manwell JF, Stein WA, Rogers A, McGowan JG. An investigation of variable speed operation of diesel generators in hybrid energy systems. Renew Energ 1992; 2: 563-571.
[29] Tazvinga H, Zhu B, Xia X. Optimal power flow management for distributed energy resources with batteries. Energ Convers Manage 2015; 102: 104-110.
[30] Roy S, Malik OP, Hope GS. Adaptive control of speed and equivalence ratio dynamics of a diesel driven power-plant. IEEE T Energy Conver 1993; 8: 13-19.
[31] Plan Maestro de Electrificaci´on 2013-2022. Residential load curve, Guayaquil Electric 2017; 2: 42.